As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. 7. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Key Concepts. Discover world-changing science. a. Watch the . endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. 415 0 obj <> endobj This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. In . The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. 2. PART 2: Video Activity . Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Answers may vary. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. AQ` n& The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. View details . In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. hb```lJB We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. endstream endobj startxref Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Knowledge awaits. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. 0 chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. %PDF-1.6 % We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. hb```lRB %PDF-1.6 % As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. %PDF-1.5 % Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. 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