Moreover, the lack of fair distribution of resources and the concentration the wealth in the hands of businessmen, made them feel marginalized. The total number of students in the three universities was (177,516) students. Therefore, the present study focuses on the voting of students of Jordanian universities. Voter turnout depends on the type of election. Owen, D., The Campaign and the Media, in The American Elections of 2008, ed. People salute the flag and recite the pledge of allegiance at the beginning of a school day, and they sing the national anthem at sporting events. In recent decades, political participation amongst 1. Homana (2018) and Oliver (2016) indicated the impact of age on political participation. Familys Impact on Individuals Political - ed Turnout for the 2010 midterm election was 41.6 percent, compared with 41.4 percent in 2006 and 40.5 percent in 2002 (McDonald). 2, pp. Do you think people who have committed serious crimes should be allowed to vote? This practice excludes almost 4 million people from the voting rolls (Human Rights Watch and the Sentencing Project, 2000). Unit 5 - Political Participation (AP GOV Myron Weiner (1962) restricts his definition to voluntary actionthe activity which is designed by the actor himself to influence governmental decision-making. They concluded that the social and economic factors such as (gender, age, education, place of residence, family, tribal affiliation, unemployment, income, poverty, The reason for the low voting ratio of the Palestinians in Jordan was due to the fact that they saw the candidates inefficiency. In brief, political participation refers to all those activities which influence the decision-making process. (PDF) FACTORS INFLUENCING POLITICAL PARTICIPATION Not filmed at all was an intoxicated King driving erratically, leading police on an eight-mile, high-speed chase through crowded streets. Moreover, it was noted that the number of students with family income (more than 700 dinars) was at the total number of (219) including (164) participated in the voting with (88.6 per cent) in the same category. These groups are as diverse as the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), which supports animal rights, the Concord Coalition, which seeks to protect Social Security benefits, and the Aryan Nation, which promotes white supremacy. It can be concluded that: The more the age varies, the more voting in the elections differs in favor of older students. Moreover, they are still reluctant to vote in national and local elections. Yet there are many other ways to take part in politics that involve varying amounts of skill, time, and resources. 1, pp. 4, pp. Putnam, R. D., Bowling Alone: Americas Declining Social Capital (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000). (1976), No Easy Choose: Political Participation in Developing Countries, Harvard University press, Cambridge. Ballots can be invalidated if they are not properly marked by voters or are not read by antiquated voting machines. Turnout in presidential elections in the 1960s was over 60 percent. VCU Scholars Compass | Virginia Commonwealth University Direct link to madison.rawlins25's post depends on each person, Posted 5 months ago. 35 No. Young voters are less likely to turn out in midterm elections than older citizens. In addition, they felt marginalized inside the Jordanian society. Race relations in Los Angeles in 1991 were strained. Factors Affecting Political Participation Among Pentecostal The study relied on a purposive sample of 900 students, 300 students per university (150 males and 150 females). 1, pp. Registered voters meet eligibility requirements and have filed the necessary paperwork that permits them to vote in a given locality. The process of democratization in Jordan began in 1989. Webeducation, to political participation and to livelihoods, among other rights being bluntly violated. Bernstein, A.G. (2005), Gendered characteristics of political engagement in college students, Journal of Sex Roles, Vol. Moreover, women believe that they do not have the ability to make political change, and their participating would make no change in the society. Now lets look at other determinants of what affects voter turnout. Pengetahuan terhadap politik sangat Political parties also have an important role to play in political participation. Based on the above, the present study examines the impact of (gender, age, family income, and regional affiliation) on the voting of the university student in elections, because of the reluctance of Jordanian university students to vote in elections. 1 / 19. They suffer from bad social and economic conditions because most of the wealth and resources are concentrated in the hands of businessmen. Social and economic analysis How a citizens living situation, weather, finances, or family issues affect their political behavior. The social environment definitely has an impact on political participation. 213-221. Political Participation In contrast, the voting of the female students was (33.8 per cent). In 1993, Congress passed the National Voter Registration Act, also known as the motor voter law, allowing citizens to register at motor vehicle and social service offices. No other political activity allows the opinions of more people to be represented than voting. 59 No. Image Guidelines 5. 65 No. Tingkat Pengetahuan. Moreover, in 2016 further amendments were conducted. 89 No. FACTORS AFFECTING In addition, it does not discriminate between Jordanians and Jordanians of Palestinian origin (Palestinian refugees who were granted the Jordanian nationality in 1947 or 1967), where the law gave them the right to vote without discrimination (Article 3). In addition, they did not get high quality public services. Lawless, J.L. Direct link to madison.rawlins25's post i dont know. Some of them. (1997) attributed that to the lack of political interest of the females. This, in turn, affected their voting in the elections. Co-operative activity. (1995), Lawless and Fox (2001) that concluded that wealth, welfare and money affected political participation process. Our study contributes to e-Participation platforms literature by seeking to understand factors affecting the use of e-participation platforms by the citizen. 48 No. Introduction. depends on the situation and if the other sex is open minded, American political ideologies and beliefs. This role is partly expressive and partly instrumental. Urbanization as the first stage of the modernization process tends to raise literacy; increased literacy tends to increase the media exposure; and increasing media exposure facilitates wider political participation. Americans are more likely to make a financial contribution to a cause or a candidate than to donate their time. What are the factors affecting political socialization? Despite the fact that elections are the major event in the political process, political participation cannot be limited to only electoral process, i.e., voting and campaigning. People can blog or participate in discussion groups related to an election. 8.1 What Is Political Participation? - University of Minnesota People also can engage in symbolic participation, routine or habitual acts that show support for the political system. The survey was conducted in the academic year 2018-2019. and policies? - International Republican Institute At least ten states prohibit former felons from voting even after they have served their time. The composition of the electorate has changed radically throughout American history. Chapter 1: Communication in the Information Age, Chapter 2: The Constitution and the Structure of Government Power, Chapter 6: Political Culture and Socialization, Chapter 8: Participation, Voting, and Social Movements, Chapter 16: Policymaking and Domestic Policies, Chapter 17: Foreign and National Security Policies, American Government and Politics in the Information Age, http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=1344797n, http://www.civicyouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/2010-Exit-Poll-FS-Nov-17-Update.pdf, http://elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm, http://people-press.org/questions/?qid=1720790&pid=51&ccid=51#top, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The ratio of participation for young people is low, because of their different interests in political activities. 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-05-2019-0072, Copyright 2019, Mohammad Soud Alelaimat, Published in Review of Economics and Political Science. This study aimed at identifying the factors affecting the political participation of Jordanian university students, especially their voting in the national and local elections. The study concluded that the gender, age, family income and regional affiliation factors affect the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections. In all states except Maine, Vermont, and Massachusetts, inmates serving time for committing felonies lose their right to vote. Studying gender in US politics: where do we go from here? Social, cultural, and economic factors can keep people from voting. With so many elections, people can become overwhelmed, confused, or just plain tired of voting. Only a small number of people, generally under one-quarter of those eligible, participate in local, county, and state elections. By 2008, 44 percent of the public had contacted their member of Congress about an issue or concern (Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). Every citizen gets one vote that counts equally. In addition, political participation is voluntary activities, in which the individual participates in the selection of rulers, and formulates public policies, directly or indirectly. Solt (2008) and Brady et al. 52 Nos 5/6, pp. They can post their views on blogs and energize their supporters using Facebook groups that provide information about how to get involved. The tape enraged blacks in Los Angeles who saw the police actions as being widespread within the Los Angeles Police Department and not an isolated incident. It can be concluded that: The more the gender varies, the more voting in the elections differs in favor of male students. Review of Economics and Political Science. In addition, Trust in the ability of candidates to provide services to people. for the family income category (more than 700 dinars) at (19.5 per cent). Citizens can show their unhappiness with leadership choices by the symbolic act of not voting. Privacy Policy 8. The number of people who give money to a candidate, party, or political organization has increased substantially since the 1960s. Factors Affecting The Motivations for Political Participation Among Some people may be discouraged from running because the signature requirement seems daunting. The CBS News report on the Rodney King incident included the following controversial video. In addition, unemployment high rate of female makes them reluctant to vote in elections (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 574). Moreover, some studies linked between democracy and active political participation, voting, participating in campaigning, and citizen protests. Education, gender, occupation, family, etc. Over 70 percent of Minnesota voters cast ballots in the 2008 presidential election compared with 51 percent in Hawaii and West Virginia (McDonald). Level of modernization and urbanization 5. The protesters demanded many political and economic reforms. In Sweden, women's political participation increased as a result of women's engagement in the public sphere and demonstrations at the rate of 5.5 per cent contrary to the United Kingdom, where women's participation rate in demonstrations was (1.9 per cent) (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 572). Milbrath, op. In spite of the dissemination of civil society institutions after 1989, awareness of civil culture and political participation was still poor (Tillian, 2011, pp.1-2). Political scientists measure how US political behavior, attitudes, and ideologies are shaped by a number of factors over time. and Fox, R.L. Therefore, the diversity of regional affiliation affected political participation. More appropriately, determinants of political participation are those factors and forces that can affect or influence peoples participation in politics. Huntington and Nelson (1976) have argued that voluntary (autonomous) and manipulated (mobilized) participation are not clearly distinguished categories. Specifically, it sought how culture, trust in governance institutions and civic education affect youth participation in political governance in Blantyre, Malawi. Therefore, the Jordanian leadership showed more interest in expanding political participation by declaring the return of parliamentary life and resuming the parties activities after a suspension that lasted for many years, as well as establishing civil organizations. Over two hundred websites were established to rally support for protests in Seattle, Washington; Washington, DC; Quebec City, Canada; and other locations. People can engage in nonviolent acts of civil disobedience where they deliberately break a law that they consider to be unjust (Lipsky, 1968). 4. It is assumed that there is a relation between the cognitive status of low self-esteem and feeling of pessimism and alienation from society and political apathy. Moreover, The Constitution guarantees appointment in government institutions with integrity (Article 23). People can also participate outside the electoral processvoting and election campaign. In addition, they did not have Political orientation, and they did not care about party or civil society activities. Some of the factors considered in the examination of data from the 2010 AmericasBarometer survey by LAPOP include wealth, age, sex and educational level. People can work in an election campaign, contact public officials, circulate a petition, join a political organization, and donate money to a candidate or a cause. University. One is an individuals substantive political identification on a left-right spectrum and the other is on an individuals engagement with the process of politics that is revealed by their acquisition of information on candidates in an election and their willingness to vote in an election. Atiyat, F. (2017), Jordanian women participation in the parliamentary elections of 2016: field study in Albalqa governorate, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. Political scientists have determined that presidential election turnout is underestimated on average by 4 percent, which translates into hundreds of thousands of votes (Flanigan & Zingale, 1999). Factors That Affect Youth Political Participation in Ethiopia Some are directly associated with the electoral sub-system and some are with other political activities. Also,somesocialfactorssuchastribalaffiliationaffectsstudentsvoting.Basedontheabove: 16, pp. Brooker (2013) concluded that in Australia, the ratio of youth participation in voting was low. Moreover, they concluded that high income and wealth encourage individuals to political participation and engaging in government. Moreover, political participation is a legitimate right for all citizens, their choice of the members of the government and the decision makers would influence their actions (Verba and Nie, 1978, p. 1). 53 No. Measuring gender differences in political knowledge, The Journal of Politics, Vol. 2, pp. It was noted that the number of students (Palestinians) who have the right to vote was a total of (438) including (254) participated in the voting with (58 per cent) in the same category. 73 No. This made them reluctant to vote in elections. College students in the 1960s used demonstrations to voice their opposition to the Vietnam War. Political Participation in the United States: Influences & Voter Also, some social factors such as tribal affiliation affects students voting. (2009), Studying oil, islam, and women as if political institutions mattered, Politics and Gender, Vol. WebThere are many social factors that affect the political attitude and behavior of the individual in this frame. The more the age varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of older students. (Nahar, 2012, p. 122). political As there are differences in voter turnout ratio according to age groups, the voting ratio in the age group (23 less than 18years old) was low. CBS News Report on the Rodney King Incident. Fox, R.L. People can take part in social movements in which large groups of individuals with shared goals work together to influence government policies. While one of the studies atrributed it to the negative perception of women regarding their role in leadership positions, their low self-confidence and lack of their equal rights with men (Dababneh, 2012, p. 215). To ensure representation of women in Parliament, a quota of 15 seats was allocated for women in the 2016 Parliament, To promote the empowerment of Jordanian women by granting them more social, economic and political rights, and supporting their political participation (Atiyat, 2017, p. 109). Direct link to bhuiadna78's post What would happen if both, Posted a month ago. Generally, about 15 percent of Americans participate in these types of campaign activities in an election year (Verba, Schlozman, & Brady, 1995). An individuals sense of loyalty to a specific political party. However,thereareotherswho Being a public official requires a great deal of dedication, time, energy, and money. About half the population takes part in national and community political affairs by joining an interest group, issue-based organization, civic organization, or political party. This means that the engagement of the individual at the different levels of the political system is a must. Protest behavior can take many forms. Based on the above: Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Palmer and Simon (2008) indicated that the difference in family income affected political participation. They concluded that the social and economic factors such as (gender, age, education, place of residence, family, tribal affiliation, unemployment, income, poverty, economic growth, social relationships, and regional affiliation) affected political participation, especially voting in elections. In the US, political ideology, efficacy, structural barriers, and demographics all play a role in determining the nature and level of political participation.
