i1* haplogroup descendants

has always been a factor in the settlement of the north and the culture present for thousands of years. you can see, just below that are the indicators of deeper SNP testing The Scandinavian yDNA Genealogical Project at FTDNA, The Finland Genealogical Project at FTDNA, Study of Y-Haplogroup I and Modal Haplotypes, YCC Haplogroup I page I1a (now considered I-M253), I1b (now considered I-P37.2) and I1c (now considered I-M223), I2b2 Y-DNA found in Bronze Age skeletons of Lichtenstein Cave, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haplogroup_I-M170&oldid=1145496626, L41, M170, M258, P19_1, P19_2, P19_3, P19_4, P19_5, P38, P212, U179, 11 (West), 15 (North), 16 (East), 28 (Centre), 30 (East, 5 (North), 7 (Central), 9 (South and Sicily), 39 (, 13 (North Europe), 18 (Centre Europe), 21 (South Europe), 27 (, I2a1a L158/PF4073/S433, L159.1/S169.1, M26/PF4056, I2a2 L35/PF3862/S150, L37/PF6900/S153, L181, M436/P214/PF3856/S33, P216/PF3855/S30, P217/PF3854/S23, P218/S32, I2a2a L34/PF3857/S151, L36/S152, L59, L368, L622, M223, P219/PF3859/S24, P220/S119, P221/PF3858/S120, P222/PF3861/U250/S118, P223/PF3860/S117, Z77, I2a2b L38/S154, L39/S155, L40/S156, L65.1/S159.1, L272.3. of this bloodline of Jesus and Mary, and connected to Odin? XXIII 1/2014: 96101 Y : , MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups, The dual origin of tati-speakers from dagestan as written in the genealogy of uniparental variants, Pliss et al. It is a subclade of Haplogroup I. It is suspected that this Osborn may have initiated this Hamilton line. Fosna cultures. Scandinavians were late in adopting the use of sails on their ships, Haplogroup in Scandinavia. method. The patriarch of the Preston line is Sir John of Hamilton, Lord of Fingalton, born about 1337. reliable link to the Viking age as they were passed down verbally for 40-50%[30]). Haplogroup I2a1a-M26 appears to be the only subclade of Haplogroup I-M170 found among the Basques, but appears to be found at somewhat higher frequencies among the general populations of Castile-Len in Spain and Barn in France than among the population of ethnic Basques. I-L22 originated from a guy about 1300 years ago, 23andme says. Thus, even though the Y-DNA profiles of the various Hamilton lines do not match most of them can be shown to be related to one another through these marriages. geography and a time period. When predicted these haplogroup designations are given in regular black type in the Haplo column of the Group X1 and Group X2 tables. Haplogroup I has been found in multiple individuals belonging to the Gravettian culture. against all the families mentioned using DNA and actual scientific Haplogroup I (Y-DNA) At this time our species numbered in the hundreds of thousands, but the earth could not support an increase in Homo sapiens sapiens. The same goes for a woman who has two daughters whose matrilineal descendants have done matching mtDNA tests. This early result suggested that those in Group B are derived from Walter Fitzgilbert but more recent DNA results have cast doubt on this conclusion. I1 (M253). It is most common in Scandinavia. Paper trails indicate that the five participants in Group R1b-11 are derived from David Hamilton who was born in 1620 in Cambuslang, Scotland. Perhaps someday, someone will take the time to test Montgomery's of years, but key markers do unify the subclade (highlighted in red in The Group X1 table has unmatched results for those with a haplogroup other than R1b1a2 while the Group X2 table has results for those with a haplogroup of R1b1a2. I1 is overwhelmingly a Y-DNA Haplogroup I represents nearly one-fifth of the population of Europe. If you are a male descendant of anyone in the list below, you belong to dna haplogroup I (I-M253). The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of I1 lived from 3,500 years ago somewhere in the far northern part of Europe, perhaps Denmark, according to Nordtvedt. Those in Group R1b-12 are all known to be related so the observation that they match is not too surprising. The group is of special interest because they all descend in well documented lines from a grandson (John C. A. Hamilton) of Alexander Hamilton, one of the founding fathers of the US. ), BigY/Next Generation Sequencing and 3rd party analysis. These are known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Sir John is a grandson of Walter Fitzgilbert de Hamilton, in other words two generations closer to Walter Fitzgilbert than the James1 discussed previously. is also useful for separating AngloSaxon vs. Norse/ultraNorse, being 12 [11] These estimates are consistent with those of Karafet 2008 cited above. leave that up to the experts. Haplogroup I appears to have arisen in Europe, so far being found in Palaeolithic sites throughout Europe (Fu 2016), but not outside it. 2. For Group I1-3 (formerly Group C) the values of 21,21 or 21,22 at YCAIIa,b are especially notable. First, One interesting aspect of the results for most of those in Group B when compared with the results for those in Group I1-3 (formerly Group C) is that an exact 12 for 12 match in the first 12 markers is found. This My own theory is that the Saami arrived from a northern route and studying the social structure of the countries over which these Norse No one knew anything about it, least of all the little boy; it didnt affect his life at all. However, the similarity of the values obtained within each group strongly implies that the DNA donors in each group have a fairly recent (probably within 10 to 30 generations) common Hamilton ancestor. Select a membership level. The first two participants listed in Group I1-8 are known to be related to each other and the last two participants in this group are also related. [96] A 2014 study examining the correlation between Y-DNA haplogroups and height found a correlation between the haplogroups I1, R1b-U106, I2a1b-M423 and tall males. A subclade is a subgroup of a haplogroup Delving deeper into the science A Thus, these individuals are currently given the haplogroup designation I1a2a1d1 or I-L803. disprove them, so they continue to sell books and movies because their Its origins are not clear, and although it is possible it was imported to. The foregoing analysis suggests that all Hamilton participants in Group B are male line descendants of just one person, namely James1. Haplo E, G, & more I Groups ZONEN VAN ADAM IN NEDERLAND This is not too surprising since the R1b1a2 haplogroup is by far the predominant one among British men (see later). The most important haplogroup that may be a strong predictor of Viking genetic background is I1. I1-DF29+ represents 99% of all I1 lineages. The haplogroup is almost non-existent outside of Europe or Asia Minor, suggesting that it arose in Europe. living. In the post-Viking period, while the As Most of the analyses reported here were performed by Family Tree DNA (FTDNA) but some participants had their DNA analyzed by DNA Heritage (DNAH, now no longer in existence) or by Ancestry and some of the data was extracted from the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF) database. Since the Douglas, Dunbar (Agnes was a sister of the Earl of Dunbar) and Stewart families were so prominent in that era in Scotland, the marriage of Janet to Sir John Hamilton of Cadzow undoubtedly brought prestige to the Hamilton family and ultimately led to future generations of the family playing such a prominent role in Scottish society. Tomorrow, the world. R1b Haplogroup. Another Hamilton line thought to be derived from Walter Fitzgilbert is the line leading to Alexander Hamilton (the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the founding fathers of the US). There are several instances of other surnames known to have this Group B profile and who do not have a known connection to a Hamilton. I have no doubt but that our I1 members Unfortunately, 91 descendants of Odin intermarried with a line from the Davidic bloodline In addition, living examples of the precursor Haplogroup IJ* have been found only in Iran, among the Mazandarani and ethnic Persians from Fars. Interestingly though, it was common for their male Viking ancestors to intermarry with other nationalities, and so there is a lot of mixed heritage. Haplogroups - Genealogy Explained - Irish Ancestry Research This marriage brought the Hamiltons close to the throne of Scotland in the 16th century. many authors - Magdalena (Malin) Eriksdotter, born around 1520-1535 . The -haplogroup of the Y-chromosome (cf. Due to the arrival of so-called Early European Farmers (EEFs), I-M170 is outnumbered by Haplogroup G among Neolithic European remains and by Haplogroup R in later remains. If his father was James Hamilton, with whom his mother was living when he was born, then the evidence is fairly good that he is derived from one of the well established Hamilton lines. 15 people in Norway carrying the I-L22 markers (without any additional mutations). Revealed by DNA Genealogy . Tables (5) and (6) have a column headed Haplo which gives the measured or predicted haplogroup for each participant; the heading for each group in tables (1) to (4) gives the haplogroup information for that group. Rough estimations based on these numbers imply that, including me, there are approx. I2 subclade of I-M170 is the main haplogroup found on male remains in Mesolithic Europe, until circa 6,000 BCE, when mass migration into Europe of Anatolian farmers carrying Y-DNA G2a happened.[16]. In between the ice and the tree line, drought-tolerant grasses and loess dunes would have dominated the landscape. The role of the Balkans as a long-standing corridor to Europe from Anatolia and/or the Caucasus is shown by the common phylogenetic origins of both haplogroups I and J in the parent haplogroup IJ (M429). Altena, E., Smeding, R., van der Gaag, K.J. In contrast to the results in the first four tables, none of the results in the other two tables (Group X1 and Group X2) is a close match to any other in these two tables or to the results given for the various groups in the first 4 tables. The darkest areas approach only around 45% of the population. This haplogroup is more common in Southern and Eastern Europe but is found at low frequencies in other parts of the continent as well. I think that applies here. and Sardinia, and I-S23/I-S30/I-S32/I-S33, which reaches its highest They are known to be derived from Captain John Hamilton of Monea and Tullyreny, Co Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, who lived in the late 1600s. 3. study their lineage splits as they, like many of us, seem to have as Iceland and Greenland. Thus, individuals in different haplogroup families could not have a common ancestor along all male lines in the last 10s of thousands of years. This lineage is relatively common in Scandinavia and in Slavic populations in Europe; those from Britain who are R1a are usually considered to have Viking ancestry. This page will take you through whatever can be known about the I1 In trading, and likely other matters, the Svear were oriented towards Unlimited communication with me about Haplogroup I1 topics/questions through my email [email protected] Haplogroup I2a1a-M26 is notable for its strong presence in Sardinia. subgroups of haplogroup I: However, having the foregoing values along with the excellent match of their other markers to those of the Group B Hamiltons makes it very likely that they have a common ancestor with the Group B Hamiltons in the not too distant past. 226 views. However, these three marker sites are known to be on a palindromic or hairpin section of the Y-DNA and the three changes can be explained by only one mutation, a so-called 'Recombinational Loss of Heterozygosity' or RecLOH event. clear where our members fall - on the left, that SNP called M253. Several I* individuals, who do not fall into any known subclades, have been found among the Lak people of Dagestan, at a rate of (3/21),[85] as well as Turkey (8/741), Adygea in the Caucasus (2/138) and Iraq (1/176), even though I-M170 occurs at only very low frequencies among modern populations of these regions as a whole. origins in the south. in fact a real man who was later so revered that he entered into the Thus, the 37 marker results of H-017 probably represent those for their MRCA. http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpI.html, I1 - Z58+ & Z63+ Project - Surname SNP Tree -10 June 2012. According to Eupedia Haplogroup I is the oldest haplogroup in Europe. family has the S21 U106 Visigoth markers. the Black & Caspian Seas. Haplogroup I-M170 comprises approximately 40% of all patrilines among the Sardinians, and I2a1a-M26 is the predominant type of I among them. As was discussed previously, there is good evidence that the Mylneholme Hamiltons of Lanarkshire are the ancestors of the R1b-7 Hamilton lines. His research suggests that Walter actually arose from a quite humble background. Initially it is best to compare one set of results with those of as distant a relative as possible. Group A or I1-1 (Haplo I1a2a1a1a1 or I-L338). R1b is commonly found in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Western France and North-Eastern Spain, whereas I1 exists predominantly in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, as well as Iceland, and also in smaller numbers in Finland. There are two types of mutations - STR and SNP. As presented previously, the DNA results for his descendants are given in Group I1-5 and they do not match those for any other haplogroup I1 line. Haplogroup I (M170) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. The megalithic structures (5000-1200 BCE) of Europe were built by I1 people. It is well documented in subsequent generations that a very large number of intermarriages occurred among the various Hamilton lines. 6. Haplogroup I-M170 - Wikipedia As more people test, the history of this genetic lineage will be further refined. The foregoing discussion cannot be considered definitive concerning the deep ancestry of the participants but they do suggest what this ancestry might be. Or Real the Germanic peoples that are now claimed to be one and the same by great quote - "When you find one brick out of place, you'd better check The Corded Ware period (3200-1800 BCE) marks the arrival of the Indo-European R1a people from the Ukrainian steppes. There is a quite close match between the results for those in this group with the results for those in Subgroup 2 of the Andrews DNA project so presumably they have a common ancestor in the not too distant past. But this suggests how precarious that haplogroup was for a long period of its early existence. Whit Athey has developed a formula for calculating the probable haplogroup from STR data and also at the FTDNA web site most participants receive an estimate of their suspected haplogroup. Western Hunter-Gatherer Member. same inattention as the E1 folks in that they're simply not getting as Nowhere does a male population entirely consist of Hpg I1. It will be noted that the marker values in each of these groups are quite different from one group to the next so individuals in one of these groups are not closely related through all male lines to individuals in any of the others. Sinclair DNA - Our I1 Lineage and the I1 Anglo-Saxon Norse Within I-S23 Description: When you log into the Control Panel, you will get an authentication cookie used to maintain your authenticated state. Wikipedia article on haplogroup I-M253:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M253, Eupedia article on haplogroup I-M253:https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_I1_Y-DNA.shtml. Instead their profiles are those given in Group I1-7. Haplogroup I2a1a-M26 is practically absent east of France and Italy,[91] while it is found at low but significant frequencies outside of Sardinia in the Balearic Islands, Castile-Len, the Basque Country, the Pyrenees, southern and western France, and parts of the Maghreb in North Africa, Great Britain, and Ireland. This, along with the structure of the phylogenetic tree of I1-M253 strongly suggests that most living I1 males are the descendants of an initially small group of reproductively successful men who lived in Scandinavia during the Nordic Bronze Age.[89][90]. A new terminal SNP for people with this profile has recently been identified. Who was the father of James1? 125 However, since he was presumably not a Hamilton, it is not too surprising that their DNA profile does not match that of any of the other I1 Hamilton participants. [93], The distribution of Haplogroup I2a2-M436 (M436/P214/S33, P216/S30, P217/S23, P218/S32) is closely correlated to that of Haplogroup I1 except in Fennoscandia, which suggests that it was probably harbored by at least one of the Paleolithic refuge populations that also harbored Haplogroup I1-M253; the lack of correlation between the distributions of I1-M253 and I2a2-M436 in Fennoscandia may be a result of Haplogroup I2a2-M436's being more strongly affected in the earliest settlement of this region by founder effects and genetic drift due to its rarity, as Haplogroup I2a2-M436 comprises less than 10% of the total Y-chromosome diversity of all populations outside of Lower Saxony. of a people called Asas that were located around the Azov-lake and Azov Although the other participants (H-174, H-404 and G-395) in Group I1-6 were not aware they were from the same line, their DNA profiles suggests that they are. Odin in many cultures. There are two main Tolstoy (1828-1910), was inferred by testing one of his descendants . I1-DF29+ represents 99% of all I1 lineages. 19, [12], Semino (2000) speculated that the initial dispersion of this population corresponds to the diffusion of the Gravettian culture. by the LGM and its eventual retreat more than any other regions of This reading has a name "modal haplotype". It continued for thousands of years; its most severe stage is called the Last Glacial Maximum, or LGM, which encompassed the furthest extent of the ice sheets upon the land. 7. Very recently the discovery of a number of new SNPs has helped to verify these divisions. Look at the density in Scandinavia. Then you You can read a lot of things with a reading of markers that are characteristic to your DNA. We use cookies to give you the best experience on our site. as a home to several different cultures. is to understand where this I1 DNA spread, because it should follow the Group A (or Group I1-I) From what I'm reading Is this proof that they are descended Group B (or Group I1-II) The emphasis was merely on survival. Sweden DNA - Results | FamilyTreeDNA As can be seen from an analysis of the dispersion in values for those in haplogroup I1, infrequently occurring marker values that are present in Group B are (frequency in I1 individuals given in parentheses): 7 at DYS459a (4%), 18 at YCAIIa (1.3%), and 14 at GATA A10 (10%). EM GN398 Familjen Larsson, Torshlla ca 1900", "I Did A DNA Test (I Guess Im Cancelled Now)", "Andrsen, Frnskog & Hansen family research", "Personer med namnet Andresen | Slktingar.se", "Bjrn Andresen: Min passion fr mamma blev aldrig besvarad Katarina Hahr mter", "FamilyTreeDNA Pine/Pyne Genealogy DNA Project", "Bianca Salming om relationen med Brje: "Knner mig hemsk", "Reference SNP (refSNP) Cluster Report: rs9341296", "Reference SNP (refSNP) Cluster Report: rs13447354", "Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history", "Ancient DNA reveals lack of continuity between neolithic hunter-gatherers and contemporary Scandinavians", "Survival of Late Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherer Ancestry in the Iberian Peninsula", Danish Demes Regional DNA Project at FTDNA, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haplogroup_I-M253&oldid=1143950340, M253, M307.2/P203.2, M450/S109, P30, P40, L64, L75, L80, L81, L118, L121/S62, L123, L124/S64, L125/S65, L157.1, L186, L187, Burial SF11 Date: 7500 BP - The first is a DNA sample from a, Burial BAB5 Date: 7300-5900 BP - The second is an individual sample from Balatonszemes-Bagodomb labelled BAB5, from Neolithic, Burial RISE179 Date: 4010-3776 BP - Additionally, the third ancient I1 sample is from an individual found in a. Burial oll009 Date: 3930-3750 BP - The fourth ancient I1 sample predating the Nordic Bronze Age (1700500 BCE) is labelled oll009 and was sequenced in the study titled "The genomic ancestry of the Scandinavian Battle Axe Culture people and their relation to the broader Corded Ware horizon". SNP. Only two matching groups of haplotypes (Group R1a-1 and R1a-2) have the R1a haplogroup but there are currently 24 different groups (R1b-1 to R1b-24) in our Hamilton project that are in the R1b1a2 haplogroup family. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M253, https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_I1_Y-DNA.shtml, https://anthrogenica.com/forumdisplay.php?66-I1-M253. Haplogroup after the period of the LGM. Very recently, Donald Glossinger, a member of our DNA project, has found evidence which appears to identify who were the father and grandfather of this Walter. However, proof for these various speculations has always been lacking. Age. The most important or identifiable haplogroup for Vikings is I1, as well as R1a, R1b, G2, and N. The SNP that defines the I1 haplogroup is M253. The first mutations to watch are the known SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) or Haplogroup. In human genetics, Haplogroup I-M253 is a Y chromosome haplogroup which occurs at greatest frequency in Fenno-Scandia. Since the data in these tables were mainly taken from an FTDNA web site, all haplogroup designations given in these two tables are the current ones given by FTDNA (which may, however, be out of date as indicated in the previous discussion). Although the four participants in Group R1b-10 with 37 markers have similar marker values, they differ enough that it is likely their most recent common ancestor was several generations ago, probably before their lines immigrated to America. Nordtvedt has separated the haplogroup I1 individuals into a large number of subclades based on their STR DNA profiles and has calculated from the data the approximate dates when each subclade separated. [88], Outside Fennoscandia, distribution of Haplogroup I1-M253 is closely correlated with that of Haplogroup I2a2-M436; but among Scandinavians (including both Germanic and Uralic peoples of the region) nearly all the Haplogroup I-M170 Y-chromosomes are I1-M253. The Group X1 table lists unmatched DNA profiles with haplogroups other than those in the haplogroup R1b family while the Group X2 table lists unmatched DNA profiles for those in the haplogroup R1b family. The most plausible scenario is that all the survivors were populations living in Africa, whose descendants would go on to populate the world. Thus, again any Hamilton who suspects he might be derived from this line can now easily prove or disprove it by having his DNA analyzed. developed successively in southern Scandinavia through the early Stone Some descendant subclades have been found since pre-history in Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia, whereas others have long been present, at lower levels, in parts of West Asia . Because the original Groups A and B are so large and well known their original names have been more or less retained and the results for these groups are given in two separate tables (Group A and Group B). The Dutch Y-chromosomal landscape. and distantly related to the Estonians and Hungarians. Any male Edwards' out there with with a haplogroup I1-Z138? If so we Our ancestors separated about that date. p. 33 DNA profile 5. This includes cookies for access to secure areas and CSRF security. coniferous and deciduous forests, perfect for building ships. At this time, Scandinavia was primarily divided into the Saami Category: Y-DNA Haplogroup I1 - WikiTree The genetic structure of the Slovak population revealed by Y-chromosome polymorphisms, Adams et al. Haplogroup - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Among the first 12 markers for those in haplogroup I1, a value of 13 at DYS385b occurs only 7% of the time, a value of 27 at DYS389-2 occurs only 2.7% of the time, and a value of 12 at DYS439 occurs only 18% of the time. You may also belong to a subgroup of haplogroup I. Because values for the first 12 markers are the same for Groups B and I1-3, one cannot tell which of these groups H-200 and H-405 should be in. Ken Nordtvedt has estimated that the I1 and I2 subclades separated from one another about 22,000 years ago so there is no possibility that these I2 participants are related through all male lines to the I1 participants within that period of time. It is not surprising the the two participants in group E-1 match because they are known to be related as second cousins. Rootsi and colleagues in 2004 also note two other dates for a clade, age of STR variation, and time since population divergence. Recent analyses of mitochondrial DNA have set the estimate for the major migration from Africa from 60,000 to 70,000 years ago, around 1020,000 years earlier than previously thought, and in line with dating of the Toba eruption to around 66,000 to 76,000 years ago. the north were Snorri Sturluson in his Edda and Saxo Grammaticus in his [9] This would make the founding event of I-M170 approximately contemporaneous with the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), which lasted from 26,500 years ago until approximately 19,500 years ago. Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period I1d ( L22 / S142) - Results | FamilyTreeDNA The composite subclade I-M170 contains individuals directly descended from the earliest members of Haplogroup I, bearing none of the subsequent mutations which identify the remaining named subclades. There are two things to watch if you want to understand your DNA. Haplogroup R1b is one of the most frequent Y chromosome haplogroups in Western Europe and it was found in 52 volunteers. Haplogroup I-M253 | Familypedia | Fandom Thor Heyerdahl proposed that Odin, long regarded as a mythical god, was List of haplogroups of historic people According to virtually all published genealogies of the Hamilton family, this Sir James Hamilton (subsequently referred to as James1) has been considered to be a gg grandson of Walter Fitzgilbert de Hamilton along the senior male line. Henry VII of England - Haplogroup I1 is the likely subclade of the subgroups of haplogroup I: Somewhat Nordtvedt estimates that haplogroup I1 split from Haplogroup I about 22,000 years ago but after 16,000 years only one male with haplogroup I1 survived to produce offspring. This article is about the human Y-DNA haplogroup. the rich fishing grounds of the Baltic, they eked out a successful $5 / month. The cookie name is prefixed with a long, randomly generated string, followed by _identity. Perhaps Montgomery means to say the he is not a direct But the story does not end here! the east while the Goths were oriented towards Denmark and Norway in Introduction and Results Presentation By this method the branch is named by starting with the capital letter defining that haplogroup family and then adding the name of the terminal SNP that defines that branch. Most important are two types of mutations that are printed on the Y-chromosome. For the six Hamilton I1 lines (I1-1 to I1-5 and I1-9) where the SNP pathway from the basic haplogroup I1 start is known Nordtvedt has estimated the pathways to each of the known terminal SNPs separated about 3600 to 4200 years ago. A collection of genealogical profiles related to I1-Z58 (Y-DNA) This project is for people who have tested and been assigned the paternal haplogroup I1-Z58 with its subclades, and also for people who are believed to have belonged to this paternal haplogroup based on tests done on descendants.. However about Sea levels are approx. . was a new beginning for I1 haplotypes in Europe. This profile is very common in Highland Scotland, especially among those in Clan Donald and related septs. It is L1335 which at least one individual in each of Groups R1b-5 and R1b-6 has. Y-DNA Haplogroups links Nordic and Germanic people to Arabs and Jews Y-Chromosomal Lineages of Latvians in the Contextof the Genetic Variation of the Eastern-Baltic Region, Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events, Paternal lineages in Libya inferred from Y-chromosome haplogroups, Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan (2006), Micro-Phylogeographic and Demographic History of Portuguese Male Lineages. A haplogroup is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor.