d. Sometimes "culture" is also used to describe specific practices within a subgroup of a society, a subculture (e.g. business ethics. Collectivism II: (In-Group) The degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations or families. basis of their. Virtuous behavior involves treatment meted out to others in a similar manner as one prefers to be treated oneself. a. Your email address will not be published. 1) Which of the following countries is considered a high-context culture? b. In 2016, a new approach to culture was suggested by Rein Raud,[15] who defines culture as the sum of resources available to human beings for making sense of their world and proposes a two-tiered approach, combining the study of texts (all reified meanings in circulation) and cultural practices (all repeatable actions that involve the production, dissemination or transmission of purposes), thus making it possible to re-link anthropological and sociological study of culture with the tradition of textual theory. [15], Cultural invention has come to mean any innovation that is new and found to be useful to a group of people and expressed in their behavior but which does not exist as a physical object. Rather than being individualistic, they have an increased inclination towards conformity; Increased concern regarding in-group members. High-context 38. c. Downward, Self-Monitoring, Ingratiation, and Self-Handicapping: Definition & Examples, Impression Management: Festinger's Study of Cognitive Dissonance, Post-Decision Dissonance & Counterattitudinal Advocacy, Attributions and the Correspondence Bias in Psychology: Definition & Dispositions vs. Situational Behavior, Effort Justification: Aronson & Mills Study, Examples & Applications, Self-Serving Attributions: Definition, Bias & Examples, Self-Regulation Theory: Definition & Strategies, High-Context Culture: Definition & Examples, Overjustification Effect: Definition & Examples, Social Epidemiology: Definition & Methods, Self-Promotion in Psychology: Definition & Examples, Mark Snyder's Self-Monitoring System: Definition & Scale, Involuntary Emotional Expression Disorder: Symptoms & Treatment, Attitudes and Persuasion: Help and Review, Attraction & Close Relationships: Help and Review, Stereotypes, Prejudice, & Discrimination: Help and Review, Applied Social Psychology: Help and Review, Research Methods in Psychology: Certificate Program, Introduction to Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Research Methods in Psychology: Help and Review, Psychology 103: Human Growth and Development, FTCE School Psychologist PK-12 (036) Prep, Research Methods in Psychology: Homework Help Resource, UExcel Abnormal Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Research Methods in Psychology: Tutoring Solution, Fostering the Motivation to Write in Children, Benjamin Whorf: Biography & Contributions to Psychology, Speech Recognition: History & Fundamentals, Conduction Aphasia: Definition & Treatment, How Children With Dialectal Differences Develop & Use English, How Children's Books Facilitate Reading Development, Phonological Recoding: Syllable Patterns & Letter Combinations, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Culture - Wikipedia Furthermore, cultural norms such as politeness, humility, and respect for authority are deeply ingrained in the culture. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The acceptance of the privileges that come with power; An expectation of power differences and inequality. d. On Although anthropologists worldwide refer to Tylor's definition of culture,[32] in the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially. Presence technology, videoconferencing, and cloud computing are communication technologies being used by many companies today. b. We will look at how the country's culture . Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights deals with cultural heritage in two ways: it gives people the right to participate in cultural life on the one hand and the right to the protection of their contributions to cultural life on the other. People are comfortable standing close to each other. Culture can be either of two types, non-material culture or material culture. Analyzing Adapting Anticipating, Adapting your message to the task and audience requires empathy, which means putting yourself in the other person's shoes. Ethnocentrism causes us to judge others by our own values. All of the following have been victims of trademark trolling in [citation needed] Some researchers, especially in early British cultural studies, apply a Marxist model to the field. Context, which refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambience surrounding an event, is probably the most important dimension of culture. Technology has not affected how and why we communicate. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? b. Culture repositioning means the reconstruction of the cultural concept of a society. Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture. (b) China The emphasis on family is evident in the way people refer to each other, with family members typically being referred to by their given name or title. [citation needed] The distinction between American and British strands, however, has faded. Psychological barriers to listening include hearing disabilities, poor acoustics, and noisy surroundings. Culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific region or location. (Note: Is this article not meeting your expectations? 1) suggests specific strategies for moving toward a more mindful, competent style c. "[11] Terror management theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the basis for perceiving themselves as "person[s] of worth within the world of meaning"raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain. High-context cultures also value group harmony above individual achievement. Some common characteristics of high-context cultures include: High-context cultures are collectivist cultures. Social media always makes individuals of various cultures feel connected. results from a common gene pool. [19] "Stimulus diffusion" (the sharing of ideas) refers to an element of one culture leading to an invention or propagation in another. ScholarOn, 10685-B Hazelhurst Dr. # 25977, Houston, TX 77043,USA. It is also used to denote the complex networks of practices and accumulated knowledge and ideas that are transmitted through social interaction and exist in specific human groups, or cultures, using the plural form. North Americans value straightforwardness and are suspicious of evasiveness. 3) Specifically, culture involves those meanings and practices held independently of reason. Franz Boas (18581942) was trained in this tradition, and he brought it with him when he left Germany for the United States. b. A low-context culture is a culture in which people communicate explicitly. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Social media are playing an increasingly prominent role in business. These values are reflected in the way people conduct business, as relationships are often valued over transactions. teaches its members how to behave and conditions their reactions. Humane Orientation: The degree to which a collective encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others. 32. Cultural Perceptions of Communication in Organizations: Low Context and High Context. "[27], In practice, culture referred to an elite ideal and was associated with such activities as art, classical music, and haute cuisine. This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago and is often thought to be unique to humans. [34][35][36][37] The term Kulturbrille, or "culture glasses," coined by German American anthropologist Franz Boas, refers to the "lenses" through which a person sees their own culture. mass culture). Explain. Answer Key. [18], Cultures are externally affected via contact between societies, which may also produceor inhibitsocial shifts and changes in cultural practices. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. North Americans value straightforwardness and are suspicious of evasiveness. Placing emphasis on written information Learning about beliefs and practices different from our own and appreciating them means displaying _______. "[9] Alternatively, in a contemporary variant, "Culture is defined as a social domain that emphasizes the practices, discourses and material expressions, which, over time, express the continuities and discontinuities of social meaning of a life held in common. The non-Marxist approaches suggest that different ways of consuming cultural artifacts affect the meaning of the product. (d) Tesla Many businesses have written ethical mission statements, installed hotlines, and appointed compliance officers to ensure strict adherence to standards and legislation. Our Experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Answer: Social media are playing an increasingly prominent role in business. assume that the listener understands if he or she nods and smiles in agreement. d. degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous situations Additionally, the language includes a variety of honorifics, which are used to show respect to the person being spoken to. Gender Egalitarianism: The degree to which a collective minimizes gender inequality. Why does China limit its exports of rare-earth minerals? Answer: d. Low-context The writer Julia Kristeva is among influential voices at the turn of the century, contributing to cultural studies from the field of art and psychoanalytical French feminism. Yolanda has taught college Psychology and Ethics, and has a doctorate of philosophy in counselor education and supervision. The most important cultural dimension is. Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that "Culture, science and indigenous psychologies: An integrated analysis." Businesses today generate a wide range of messages using a variety of media. High-context communication relies on a high degree of commonality between the individuals. (b) Impunity is \qquad (d) the inability to break a habit. Hi, I'm Happy Sharer and I love sharing interesting and useful knowledge with others. encompassing culture. Gerold Keusch "Kulturschutz in der ra der Identittskriege" In: Truppendienst - Magazin des sterreichischen Bundesheeres, October 24, 2018. Culture (/ k l t r /) is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups. c. The target of the attack is the identity of the opponent, which is why symbolic cultural assets become a main target. Experiencing fewer discrimination lawsuits, fewer union clashes, and less government regulatory action All rights reserved. Tolerance As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 These scholars reject the abstracted postmodern aspects of cultural sociology, and instead, look for a theoretical backing in the more scientific vein of social psychology and cognitive science.[41]. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Moreover, Herder proposed a collective form of Bildung: "For Herder, Bildung was the totality of experiences that provide a coherent identity, and sense of common destiny, to a people."[22]. United States b. Germany c. Norway d. Japan ANSWER: RATIONALE: Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture.d. [vii], [ii] online.seu.edu/articles/high-and-low-context-cultures/, [iii] courses.candelalearning.com/-by-culture-2/, [iv] https://www.cleverism.com/understanding-cultures-people-hofstede-dimensions/, [v] courses.candelalearning.com/-by-culture-2/, [vi] http://tevinsic.blogspot.com/2012/03/cultural-patterns-and-communication_02.html, [vii] https://www.inspireimagineinnovate.com/pdf/globesummary-by-michael-h-hoppe.pdf. The UN and UNESCO promote cultural preservation and cultural diversity through declarations and legally-binding conventions or treaties. Ethnocentrism does not exist in today's culturally diverse workplace. is created by a structured educational system. In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (17671835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. [10], The Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time. prejudice and stereotyping are incompatible with which of the following traits Germany According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between "civilized" and "uncivilized. Fostering contractual relationships that revolve around the fundamentals of exchange. In other words, to be seen as effective, the time-tested adage continues to apply: "When in Rome do as the Romans do." High vs. Low Power Distance Cultural Communications | What are High and Low Power Distance Cultural Communications? Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? For instance, relationships between popular culture, political control, and social class were early and lasting concerns in the field. Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. In this field researchers often concentrate on how particular phenomena relate to matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender. d. The second covers the variables that represent the "social orientation" of societies, i.e., the attitudes and lifestyles of their members. [2] High-context cultures often exhibit less-direct verbal and nonverbal . a. "[7], In 1986, philosopher Edward S. Casey wrote, "The very word culture meant 'place tilled' in Middle English, and the same word goes back to Latin colere, 'to inhabit, care for, till, worship' and cultus, 'A cult, especially a religious one.' Choose two phrases to form a sentence that correctly uses a word from Word List 6. The main focus of an orthodox Marxist approach concentrates on the production of meaning. Matthew Arnold contrasted "culture" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted "culture" with "the state of nature." Chinese social culture avoids direct communication because it can be socially awkward and uncomfortable. Norway This distinction is often characterized as that between high culture, namely that of the ruling social group, and low culture. A second major volume, "Culture and Leadership across the World: The GLOBE Book of In-Depth Studies of 25 Societies" became available in early 2007. Environmental conditions may also enter as factors. China Explanation- High context culture countries are those where most of the people are highly educated and they follow certain norms and rituals and they b. is defined as the perception of membership in a group that is part of an These traits identify the cultural dimension of. I have a passion for learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts in a simple way. These communicators represent what kind of culture? 35. Edward T. Hall introduced the concept of high-context cultures, which he defined as cultures whose rules of communication rely heavily on contextual elements. They saw patterns of consumption and leisure as determined by relations of production, which led them to focus on class relations and the organization of production.[43][44]. a. Japan Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that teaches its members how to behave and conditions their reactions. Primarily use non-verbal methods to relay meaningful information in conversations, such as facial expressions, eye movement, and tone of voice. For sociologist Georg Simmel (18581918), culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history. [57]:19 For example, people who are raised in a culture with an abacus are trained with distinctive reasoning style. [25] This view paved the way for the modern understanding of culture. High-Context Culture: 4 Characteristics of High-Context Cultures Answer Key - Oxford University Press d.comes from an orderly system of government and laws. d.Ethnocentrism is the oversimplified perception of a behavioral pattern or characteristic applied to all groups. For uses in the natural sciences, see, Early researchers and development of cultural sociology, Tylor, Edward. Marion hired you to research why employees are coming late and. This page was last edited on 20 April 2023, at 12:57. They are a part of a number of in-groups which hardly have any influence on their lives. Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which a society, organization, or group relies on social norms, rules, and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of future events.
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