Rarely are there enough lanes for each group to have a separate one. To properly execute actions on contact, the platoon must take action consistent with the fundamentals of reconnaissance (refer to Chapter 4 of this manual for a detailed discussion): c. The Seven Forms of Contact. The squad moves alone or as part of the platoon's dismounted element. Figure 3-13. This ruggedized, handheld radio delivers real-time Link 16 communications to dismounted warfighters at the tactical edge. Maintain contact to support an attack on an inferior force. It lets them move to covered and concealed positions off a road or from an open area and set up all-round security without detailed instructions. This gives the platoon the greatest possible flexibility to maneuver and develop the situation. The platoon sergeant ensures that everyone in the platoon has crossed and sends a report to the platoon leader. (c) Elements not in contact temporarily halt in covered and or concealed positions, monitor the incoming reports, and plot the situation on their maps. The platoon must keep an element in contact with the enemy unless specifically authorized to do otherwise. These specific instructions must include focus of the reconnaissance, tempo of the operation, engagement criteria, and the desired COA based on the size and activity of the enemy force encountered. The platoon leader must use all available optics and other assets, including GSR, to reconnoiter the open area and find a bypass, if applicable. (f) Establish a Hasty Defense. Simultaneously, the section or team maintains at least one hasty OP in contact with the enemy. The rear vehicles provide overwatch and command and control (Figure 3-4). An increased awareness of the situation helps the platoon leader control the platoon when it makes contact with the enemy. (c) Choose and Recommend a COA and Maneuver the Force. With bounding overwatch, one element is always stopped to provide overwatching fire. Direct fire engagements are normally limited to whatever actions are required to break contact. Column The column formation is used for road marches, for movement during limited visibility, and. If he cannot find a bypass, he focuses not only on finding potential enemy positions but also on locating covered and concealed routes for bounding and a covered and concealed position to which the unit can move. Section using bounding overwatch technique. It sends this information to the platoon leader in the form of updates to the original spot report as soon as possible. The command and control system software on the RV can create most standard graphic control measures used at platoon level. A good technique is to plot the waypoints to coincide with other graphic control measures such as checkpoints and rally points or significant terrain features. When expecting contact, the platoon should use the slowest, most secure movement technique (Figure 3-19). Soldiers Test Newest Dismounted GPS Devices, Replacing DAGRs After considering these factors, the leaders decide to infiltrate either mounted or dismounted. The element that remains in contact maintains visual contact with the enemy and reports if the enemy situation changes. (a) The reconnaissance section or team that makes initial visual contact with the enemy deploys to covered terrain that affords good observation and fields of fire. Continue with Recommended Cookies. PDF Battlefield Awareness and Targeting System-Dismounted - Viasat When operating out of normal communications range, an infiltrating element that must transmit required information should move to high ground or set up a long-range expedient antenna. Christian Cortez from Minneapolis, assigned to Bandit Troop, 1st Squadron, 3d Cavalry Regiment, conducts a combined dismounted patrol with ANA 203rd Corps military police south-east of FOB Lightning. ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. The term "danger area" refers to any area on the route where the terrain would expose the platoon to enemy observation, fire, or both. This report is part of the RAND Corporation Research report series. This information allows the platoon leader to disperse his unit during movement. Contingency plans should address what happens if a force fails to arrive or arrives late at a rally point. For over 50 years, the Army has tried to develop and field survivable, lethal infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs). Movement with Combat Vehicles - United States Army The reconnaissance platoon is not manned or equipped to conduct detailed reconnaissance of urban areas. However, the screen may display only a small portion of the platoon's area of operations. Exfiltration pickup points for dismounted personnel should be far enough away from the OP to ensure the enemy does not hear vehicle or helicopter noises. (1) When the platoon deploys and reports, it uses fundamental techniques of tactical movement (dismounted or mounted) and action drills using the terrain to ensure effective cover and concealment. It searches for antitank (AT) ditches, minefields, wire, or other obstacles that could force friendly forces into a fire sack. In such a case, the reconnaissance platoon leader can evaluate the situation, choose a COA consistent with his higher commander's intent or concept, and execute it without further guidance. Dismounted troops must check isolated buildings. For information on reprint and reuse permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. Effectively employed, movement techniques allow the platoon to find and observe threats without being compromised. (2) Near-Side Rally Point. The platoon should use the traveling overwatch formation. For example, the reconnaissance platoon leader must anticipate contingency measures in case his elements must conduct an unplanned exfiltration during a reconnaissance operation. They base decisions about routes and movement techniques on the mission, terrain and weather, likelihood of enemy contact, speed of movement, and depth to which the platoon's elements must penetrate. The platoon sergeant (or designated NCO, if the platoon sergeant remains with the BFVs) also moves forward to the platoon leader. All leaders within the platoon must ensure that their subordinates continuously wear their night-vision devices when moving dismounted. Example platoon coil formation. Small clearings may require crossing in the same manner as a large open area. b. (3) Emergency Exfiltration. A system failure, an inability of the GPS to acquire satellites, or a lag time in position updates could prove disastrous in combat if the leader relies solely on the system. The halt should last approximately one to two minutes, with 360-degree security maintained and radio speakers minimized throughout. The company team commander first designates a fixing force to maintain contact with the enemy and assist the remainder of the team during the bypass. Open Areas. From the Screen Line: Cavalry Scouts in the Army of 2020 The coil (Figure 3-5) is used to provide all-round security and observation when the platoon is stationary. Mounted Formations. When terrain permits sections to be mutually supporting (such as in desert terrain) and other METT-TC factors are favorable, the platoon leader can use this technique to control bounding by sections. This choice is made because the platoon leader determines that the force he has located is the objective of his commander; therefore, this COA is in accordance with his commander's intent. The squad file has the same characteristics as the fire team file. The lead vehicle occupies the 12 o'clock position, and the other vehicles occupy the 3, 9, and 6 o'clock positions in accordance with the order of march. Traveling overwatch, squads dismounted. These reconnaissance elements move to dismount points, set their vehicles in hide positions, and send dismounted patrols to multiple vantage points using dismounted reconnaissance techniques, with the emphasis on avoiding detection. The leader analyzes the latest information on the enemy and determines if contact with the enemy is unlikely. When the company team wants to maintain security or observation of one flank, and when the platoon does not expect enemy contact, the platoon uses the echelon formation (Figure 3-4). Even if you do not have crew served weapon TC out of hatch with personal weapon Our TTPs (cont.) All vehicles should move completely off the road if terrain allows. d. Techniques. FM 7-7J Chptr 3 Battle Drills and Crew Drills - GlobalSecurity.org When the lead team signals "danger area" (relayed throughout the platoon, the platoon halts. At the same time, however, movement techniques alone are not enough to guarantee accomplishment of these tactical goals. a. 0000006722 00000 n Whenever possible, the reconnaissance platoon should reconnoiter urban areas from a distance, execute hand-off to follow-on elements, and bypass if possible. When maneuvering, the platoon leader considers the following. As more than one section or team becomes involved in the situation, the platoon leader or PSG (whoever is in the best location to do so) takes control of coordinating their efforts. b. The principles of route selection, movement formations, and movement security are critical to the success of the exfiltration operation. During its move, the lead vehicle overwatches it. Mounted infantry were infantry who rode horses instead of marching. It conducts dismounted reconnaissance to get detailed information on enemy dispositions. Also, indirect-fire weapons can provide concealment by firing smoke alone or mixed with suppressive fires. (a) The platoon leader updates his spot report to the commander with any new information and then recommends a COA to the commander. In all situations, leaders must plan exfiltration as carefully as infiltration. (2) Wedge Formation. (3) Bounding Overwatch. Figure 3-8. Traveling (Mounted). It assures PNT through integrity checks of and access to multiple integrated, modular, layered Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP)-constrained PNT sources. These lateral corridors pose a security threat to both the platoon and the other friendly elements. c. Bounding Overwatch (Mounted). The wedge has the following characteristics, advantages, and limitations: (3) Line Formation. MOUNTED SECURITY HALT. Melee Lords. Initial Contact. 83 0 obj <>stream At a minimum, the platoon must rehearse and be ready to execute these potential COAs: e. The Four Steps of Actions on Contact. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. PAKTYA PROVINCE, Afghanistan - Bandit Troop commander, Capt. This information is part of the mission analysis during troop-leading procedures (discussed in Chapter 2). Traveling Overwatch (Mounted). Spacing requirements, as well as other METT-TC considerations, require the platoon to adapt basic formations. Many times the platoon must plan, rehearse, and execute a combination of mounted and dismounted movement. Maneuver is inherently dangerous. The trail element first occupies a covered and concealed position from which it can overwatch the lead element. When the entire platoon or section has moved back to the rally point, it consolidates and reorganizes, reports its status to the higher headquarters, and continues the mission. The commander approves or disapproves the recommended COA based on how it will affect the parent unit's mission. When not traveling in a column or line, squads travel in file (Figure 3-11). Exposed sections or teams should maintain minimum silhouette in their vehicles because of the danger from close-in snipers and ambush. His exfiltration plan should factor in additional time that the platoon may need to react to unforeseen circumstances, such as inadvertent contact with enemy forces or unexpected restrictive terrain. Andrew Coleman, along with 2nd Platoon Bandit Troop, 1st Squadron, 3d Cavalry Regiment, went on a combined mounted and dismounted reconnaissance patrol with the Afghan National Army's 203rd Corps Military Police to the south east of FOB Lightning Aug. 4, 2014. In successive bounding, the trail element moves to an overwatch position that is approximately abreast of the lead element. c. Mounted Formations. (3) The far-side security element clears the far side. The project, known as Expeditionary JBC-P, or X JBC-P, aims to inform future decisions to deliver the vehicle-based Blue Force Tracking system's capabilities to dismounted Soldiers. (c) Choose and Recommend a COA and Maneuver the Force. Dismounted ground exfiltration is preferred when areas along the route are largely uninhabited, when enemy forces are widely dispersed or under such pressure that they cannot conduct counterreconnaissance and security operations, or when terrain is sufficiently restricted to degrade enemy efforts to use mobile forces against the exfiltrating reconnaissance unit. Infiltration on a single lane (Figure 3-19) is the least desirable technique because it requires all infiltrating groups to move at intervals on the same lane. Movement into and out of the various formations must be second nature to each section. The reconnaissance platoon can not conduct its mission if the enemy decisively engages it. "Working on this project with PM Mission Command and tactical units has enabled CERDEC to rapidly provide operational capability to the Warfighter, successively providing improvements over a four-month sprint," Barton said. Section using traveling overwatch technique and wedge formation. The infiltrating elements employ cover, concealment, and stealth to move through gaps templated by the battalion S2 in the enemy array. The platoon can also use indirect fires to degrade the enemy's acquisition and observation capabilities by forcing him to seek cover. At the same time, he considers the other factors of METT-TC. PEO C3T is delivering the network to regions around the globe, enabling high-speed, high-capacity voice, data and video communications to a user base that includes the Army's joint, coalition and other mission partners. When planning movements, the leader must consider how terrain affects security. hVms81Nn-Nf Kr^}"jlj4NI_nvZ>+!|0!4>`19 pq&$=).\d\x> Because breaking contact is a violation of reconnaissance fundamentals, the platoon leader must be sure that his higher headquarters is informed of and approves this COA (Figure 3-14). Cover and concealment are abundant, and it is easy for the enemy to remain undetected until he is at very close range. The U.S. Army has put its replacement for the handheld Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR) under field testing in reconnaissance and fire missions in a variety of threat scenarios, to understand its performance in a realistic operational environment. 01 May 2023 10:54:03 This allows the platoon leader to evaluate and develop the situation while out of contact. hb```b``a`c`bf@ aV(>cZ>e !7Rz5,-*xhd$!+vlq3V Z iiP ,H $> @l v$C[Ca/ \B !kl Ldg:.!Gd {O0U' The platoon leader quickly moves forward, confirms the danger area, and determines what technique the platoon will use to cross. If this occurs, the platoon leader must decide whether to commit additional platoon assets to the contact to develop it further or to adopt a COA based on the information he has discovered to that point. He ensures that he receives clear guidance from the commander before moving on to the execution step. They must also state what actions the reconnaissance platoon must take if it must exfiltrate unexpectedly. The elements conduct mounted movement to designated dismount points where they organize dismounted patrols to develop the situation from a new direction. After reporting the initial contact to higher headquarters and receiving the order to break contact, the patrol disengages. Once achieved, the element uses this advantage to destroy the enemy with direct fires and dismounted infantry assault. It must, however, be far enough to the rear to avoid contact in case an enemy force engages the lead element. (2) Exfiltration by Land. Ph.D. The platoon uses the folds in the earth and any other concealment to mask its movement. When the enemy force reaches the OP disengagement criteria (the point at which the OPs must displace or risk detection and engagement by the enemy), the OPs pass off responsibility for tracking the enemy to other OPs in depth. This chapter focuses on the movement techniques and formations that combine to provide the platoon leader with options for moving his unit. The additional graphic control measures may include routes of march, coordination points, passage points, and boundaries for subordinate units. 5-141. It uses traveling overwatch when it needs to save time. For IBCTs, I propose 10-wheeled platforms and 36. The platoon leader assigns lanes to the sections and teams. Platoon staggered column formation. The squad moves alone or as part of the platoon's dismounted element.. Two-section platoon line formation. If time and terrain permit, the platoon should dismount infantry to reconnoiter the movement route and secure the far side of the open area. Crossing Large Open Areas (Mounted). (1) Movement Considerations. When the enemy situation seems unclear or when contact might occur, leaders often use the wedge formation shown in Figure 3-2. PDF Assured Positioning, Navigation, & Timing (Assured - PNT) The platoon leader plans signals to direct movement to the alternate rally point. Enemy weapons, unknown terrain, and other operational factors all increase the danger. (d) Execute the COA. Figure 3-2. Figure 3-9. 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As Soldiers connect to the BFT network, X JBC-P would achieve units' needs for beyond line-of-sight mission command for company and above echelons. 0000012734 00000 n The reconnaissance platoon uses terrain features to its advantage during the exfiltration. FM3-21.94 Chapter 3 Movement - GlobalSecurity.org The platoon leader then plans his routes. (b) Break Contact and Bypass. Then, it continues the mission. Making maneuver decisions normally falls to the leader on a specific part of the battlefieldthe one who knows what enemy elements can engage the maneuvering element and what friendly forces can provide the base of fire. (a) Deploy and Report. Thus far, the R&D team is making progress on reducing SWaP of each component of X JBC-P prototypes through both government-developed and commercial technologies. The section or team leader organizes a hasty reconnaissance patrol that attempts to move to the flank or rear of the enemy and observes the enemy position. 0000041439 00000 n (2) Terrain Factors. The reconnaissance platoon should develop a coil SOP based on its mission-essential task list (METL), war plans, and most frequently used organizations. Refer to the seven general categories of contact discussed in paragraph 3-4c. 313 0 obj <> endobj The element's formation adjusts to fit the situation. Based on task organization, the reconnaissance platoon leader must carefully assess METT-TC factors before deciding upon this COA. (4) In severely restricted terrain, the bounding element makes shorter bounds than it would in more open areas. Technology can assist in navigational planning and execution, but soldiers, and especially leaders, should be trained and able to navigate and send accurate reports, day or night, using all methods of navigation. Depending on the vehicle type, a platoon may have a squad in one to four vehicles. (1) Column Formation. When planning the route, the platoon leader marks the danger areas on his digital concept sketch and overlay. c. Methods. Candidate, Pardee RAND Graduate School, and Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND. a. a. The reconnaissance platoon may have to conduct an emergency exfiltration if detected or engaged by an enemy force. The platoon must conduct detailed coordination with any adjacent units or friendly elements through which it will pass to ensure these elements do not compromise the reconnaissance platoon as it conducts the infiltration. 0000006881 00000 n These examples do not take into account terrain and other METT-TC factors, even though METT-TC factors play the most crucial role in selecting and executing a formation. 0000006037 00000 n The reconnaissance platoon may use this form of maneuver during reconnaissance and security operations and may reconnoiter passage lanes and infiltration routes before movement of the battalion. The platoon finds the flanks of the enemy position and looks for other enemy elements that could provide mutual support to the position. Two-section platoon wedge formation. Leaders must develop plans for extraction by applicable means (ground or air) before the operation, to include procedural contingencies such as the destruction of the RVs, evacuation of sick and wounded personnel, and disruption of communications. In an M2A3-equipped unit, he uses the rally point graphic control measure in the CTD, and then sends the data to his BCs and squad leaders. This should be done both dismounted and mounted. The system was also recently evaluated during the month-long Army Expeditionary Warrior Experiment at Fort Benning, Georgia. The platoon uses the herringbone to disperse when traveling in column formation (Figure 3-6). Infantry squads normally move mounted until the situation requires them to dismount. e. Communications. (2) The platoon usually moves in formation when using traveling or traveling overwatch. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2013. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR184.html. From this position, he establishes local security (a hasty OP) and monitors and controls the efforts of his sections or teams. The overwatching element then calls for protective fires and uses an alternate covered and concealed route to move to the rally point. These situations may entail one or more of the seven forms of contact: d. Summary of Actions on Contact. Position navigation (POSNAV) assists in land navigation but does not replace the need for basic navigational skills. (c) When physical contact occurs, the reconnaissance platoon employs indirect and direct fires to suppress the enemy while maneuvering to get information. The bypassing force uses covered and/or. The platoon leader uses formations for several purposes: to relate one vehicle or squad to another on the ground, to position firepower to support the direct-fire plan, to establish responsibilities for sector security among vehicles or squads, or to aid in the execution of battle drills and directed COAs. (b) If the commander and the S2 have anticipated the enemy situation the reconnaissance platoon is reporting, they will already have addressed the contingency in the OPORD and given guidance to their subordinates on what COA the platoon should execute. Using the components taken from the currently fielded. The platoon should strive to make contact with its combat multipliers or with its smallest possible internal elementthe dismounted soldier. To regain the use of all his assets, the platoon leader continues coordination to hand off contact to a follow-on element (Figure 3-15). Platoon and section leaders and VCs use position updates from their navigation systems and analog information to assist in following their planned routes. The platoon should not clear the rally point like a separate linear danger area. (3) During movement through a wooded area, the platoon should move using traveling overwatch. (2) Squad Line. The Precision Fires-Dismounted system has undergone the most significant changes. Ideally, the overwatch element keeps the bounding element in sight. c. Maps. Rifle squads normally move in column or wedge formation (Figure 3-17). This critical Army modernization priority delivers tactical communications so commanders and Soldiers can stay connected and informed at all times, even in the most austere and hostile environments. Movement during dismounted operations is similar to mounted movement but requires more command and control due to the decentralized nature of the task. Due to mission constraints, the platoon leader may have to leave one vehicle in contact. What improvements does the Ground Combat Vehicle provide? The ANA MPs showed up prepared and ready for a mission with U.S. forces. %%EOF (d) Execute the COA. To establish communications relay capability for a specific period in support of other reconnaissance operations. Leaders and soldiers must remain proficient in using basic land navigation and terrain orientation skills. 42 0 obj <> endobj For example, reconnaissance forces that have infiltrated or bypassed the enemy-occupied area may need to exfiltrate as soon as they gather the required information. Vehicles are positioned 100 to 150 meters apart (Figure 3-7). As the reconnaissance platoon executes reconnaissance and security missions, it will encounter routes or mobility corridors that provide access into the area between the platoon and friendly elements to its rear. JBC-P equips Soldiers with a satellite network, secure data encryption, a common map, intuitive interface, chat and logistics information. Nicholas Belz. 0000008165 00000 n A-1. Each infiltrating element must develop and rehearse a plan that clearly defines its actions in case of contact with enemy security forces. The leader is then able to plan for contact and determine how to employ TTP, such as the proper movement techniques, to reduce the occurrence of chance contact. To aid in the control of movement, the platoon should choose rally points for all infiltrations and exfiltrations. The squad leader moves forward to the first or second position if he wants to increase control over the formation, exert greater morale presence by leading from the front, and remain available to make key decisions at once. ), I generally prefer to keep melee lords dismounted. Digital maps and overlays provide the platoon with a common operating picture of the terrain and operational graphics. (a) The BFVs and the squad in contact destroys or suppresses enemy weapons that are firing most effectively against them, including vehicles and crew-served weapons. Once they finish, the platoon resumes movement using its chosen movement technique. g. Actions on Contact. Shackled to an aging, ill-suited vehicle lacking standoff, the R&S . He keeps the commander informed of what he is doing as he executes the COA. DISMOUNTED MOVEMENT FORMATIONS. For example, they should always use intervening terrain and avoid "skylining.". An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Figure 3-4. 0000002347 00000 n Movement is not maneuver. Both the platoon leader and platoon sergeant stay in the center of the formation, with their wingmen located to the rear of and outside of them. Once the platoon determines the nature of the enemy it faces, the platoon leader updates the spot report. Figure 3-10. Figure 3-4. It must treat each as a separate task. The section leader must continue to use route planning, mechanical navigational aids, visual observation of terrain features, and manual techniques to ensure that the sections are in proper position. (1) Platoon members should use available terrain to scan the wooded area before entering. Dismounted vs mounted reconnaissance in peer conflicts The troopers then conducted a dismounted movement for 7 km with. As the probability of enemy contact increases, the platoon leader adjusts the movement technique to provide greater security.
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