preston crown court blog

Great value when you include the treasury. Prahl, Amanda. Robert Boe, 36, of Derby Road, Blackpool, Tony Singh-Gold, 38, of Meadows, Prestwich, Manchester, deny the offence, which relates to an alleged incident on May 17 last yearin Derby Road. Company number 08814641. Operated by Stagecoach Merseyside & South Lancashire, the Preston (Station) to Preston Crown Court service departs from Preston City Centre, station and arrives in Preston Crown Court. Lancashire court listings - March 28, 2016 - Lancashire Evening Post Published 25th Feb 2020, 10:00 BST There are around 16 criminal courtrooms across Preston, as well as civil court rooms, and cases from across Lancashire's cities and towns - and sometimes. The Austrian court was intensely strict, with rules and etiquette that frustrated the progressive-minded Sisi. 11 Reviews . . The bodies of Dr Saman Mir Sacharvi and her 14-year-old daughter Vian Mangrio were found at a house in Burnley last October. Preston based 3manfactory designed & developed the website, Preston based Clook Internet host the website, Blog Preston is a member of the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). In particular, Elisabeth grew close to Hungarian diplomat Count Gyula Andrassy. Eleanor Williams said she went on to work for Mr Ramzan in his restaurant and he became her boyfriend. .very neat. It was first made in 1399. Several Bavarian crowns encrusted with diamonds, rubies, pearls, emeralds, enamel, sapphires and more. Her killer was apprehended, tried, and convicted, then committed suicide in 1910 while in prison. Lancashire Police said Lewis Robinson attacked the man, who was in his 40s, at a house . Preston Crown Court heard that Healless was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia at the time of the killing, but a jury rejected his partial defence that his responsibility for the killing was . Her story has captivated writers, musicians, filmmakers, and more, with dozens of works based on her life finding success. Thompson and Venables were sent to a young offenders institute and were released in 2000. Double murderer Ian Bailey and triple killer Jordan Monaghan also had their sentences reviewed. Preston Crown Court Most . 44 2 Shares Share Would highly recommend, and so would my teenagers! There were the precious items collected over 100 years by Bavarian kings. Its been held every year since, under a name youll probably recognize: Oktoberfest. Hannah Jones, 26, of Bankfield Court, Mirfield,. The family doctor from Mottram, Hyde, faced 15 counts of murder following the deaths of his female patients. The Bavarian crown jewel collection, which today is displayed at the Residenz Museum in Munich, also includes a grand parure of ruby and spinel jewels that belonged to Queen Therese. Room after gilded room of historical furniture, paintings, tapestries and treasures. Preston Crown Court Videos and HD Footage - Getty Images British charity medic Kevin Cornwell detained by Taliban and locked up in basement of secret prison, This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, This website and its associated newspaper are members of Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). His actual death toll is believed to be closer to 250. Sign up for The Court Jeweller Newsletter, Sparkling Royal Jewels From Around the World, 10.28.2021 by thecourtjeweller // Leave a Comment. It seemed so funny,". The amethysts remained with the Bavarian royal family for nearly two more centuries. An uninsured driver who fled the scene of a collision, leaving a 12-year-old girl dying in the road, has been jailed. Used for drinking contests, you remove the head to drink. Find professional Preston Crown Court videos and stock footage available for license in film, television, advertising and corporate uses. Both her daughters fell ill, and the Archduchess Sophie died, only two years old. Preston babies: these are nine of the beautiful bundles of joy born at Royal Preston Hospital in April, Husband sees 86-year-old wife critically injured when her mobility scooter collides with car in Bispham. One told the court: "It was like we were out one night and the shadow secretary of state for Wales put his hand down my trousers. Franz Joseph and Elisabeth married on April 24, 1854. Two men have made their first appearance at Preston Crown Court charged with the murder of Lee Dawson in Preston. He was given a curfew by Preston. Architectural Buildings, Historic Sites, Sacred & Religious Sites, Government Buildings, Architectural Buildings, Architectural Buildings, Sacred & Religious Sites, Historic Sites. Biography of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, Biography of Queen Victoria, Queen of England and Empress of India, The Four Marriages of King Philip II of Spain. A man who trafficked a woman to the UK to work as a prostitute has been jailed for 12 years. Nigel Evans MP - sexual assault (not guity). Much of the trial focused on Evans drunken behaviour at party conferences and in the bars of Westminster. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews. Queen Therese (1792-1854), who was born Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, was the daughter of two German ducal families. They said the man told officers, who acted quickly to stem the bleeding before he was taken to hospital, that it was Robinson who had inflicted the wounds. St. George's horse is wearing a blanket made of enamel.Plus there's lots of crystal, clocks and a container made from an ostrich egg. Crown Court catchment area the jury panel had been drawn. Robinson was caught on CCTV in the area at the time of the attack and the footage also showed him discarding clothing afterwards. Book in advance. Rudolf had been an emotional boy, like his mother, who was forced into a military upbringing that did not suit him at all. The Sessions House is a courthouse in Harris Street, Preston, Lancashire, England. Duke Maximilian was a bit eccentric and decidedly more progressive in his ideals than his fellow European aristocrats, which heavily influenced Elisabeth's beliefs and upbringing. Instead of an untouchable, ethereal princess, she was often depicted as a complex, often unhappy woman much closer to reality. During the course of the investigation Lancashire Police identified five other men they believed had been sexually assaulted by the Ribble Valley MP. This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Crown Jewels are dazzeling - Review of Residenz, Munich, Germany It wings its way into inboxes every Sunday rounding up our best content from the last week and a look ahead to what's happening. The trial - more than 30 years after the tragedy at the FA cup semi-final between Liverpool FC and Nottingham Forest FC - was one of the most significant trials of the 21st century. Did this woman die because her genitals were cut? He was on remand after being accused of perverting the course of justice. The display of the Bavarian crown jewels in Munich also includes a long, simple necklace of round pearls from her collection. The court is told she suffers a medical issue and also suffered minor injuries during the incident. PRESTON AND BLACKPOOL COURT BLOG: Live updates from the latest court Ludovika's sister Sophie, mother of Emperor Franz Joseph, had tried and failed to secure a match for her son among major European royalty and instead turned to her own family. On Thursday November 28, Hillsborough match commander David Dukenfeld walked from Preston Crown Court a free man. Following Giselas birth, the pressure increased even further on Elisabeth to produce a male heir. James Edward Parkinson, 66, of Prospect Avenue, Lostock Hall, was banned for 24 months and must do 40 hours unpaid work after admitting drink driving, and must pay a 90 surcharge and 85 costs. Preston Combined Court Centre - Find a Court or Tribunal - GOV.UK Amalia is depicted wearing the tiara in the portrait above, which was painted by Carl Rahl in 1860, a few years after Thereses death. Sophie was deeply displeased, but she eventually acquiesced. Weve been marveling at lots of royal jewels worn for state visits to Germany this weekso I thought it was time that we also gazed on some jewels worn by members of one of Germanys former royal families. Here is the latest round-up of cases from Preston's courts. Sentencing of Eleanor Williams at Preston Crown Court Shipman was jailed for life but was found dead in his cell at Wakefield Prison on January 13 2004, the day before his 58th birthday. He was found guilty of attempted murder, assault and theft following a trial. At his appearance at Preston Magistrates Court, Hall denied the allegations, calling them, pernicious, callous, cruel and, above all, spurious". Blackpool NHS workers in court over alleged hospital crime ring His defence lawyer says he has a number of previous convictions but none for robbery, and is not seeking a pre sentence report. National World Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. The former deputy speaker of the House of Commons stood trial in 2014 accused of rape and sexually assaulting five men. Her body was returned to Vienna for a state funeral, and she was buried in the Capuchin Church. Their relationship was a close alliance and friendship and was also rumored to be a love affair so much so that, when Elisabeth had a fourth child in 1868, rumors swirled that Andrassy was the father. Blog Preston is a Community Interest Company. Mark Andrew Haydock, 34, of Northgate Drive, Chorley, got a curfew after admitting assaulting a woman and must pay a 90 surcharge and 85 costs. Instead, Franz Joseph fell madly in love with Elisabeth. Elisabeths legacy or legend, depending on who you ask carried on in several ways. Even her steadfast friend Andrassy passed in 1890. Distance seemed to help the relationship: Elisabeth was traveling extensively, but she and her husband corresponded often. Eleanor Williams accused a number of men of rape and posted an account on Facebook alleging she had been the victim of an Asian grooming gang. Cat-and-mouse chase with China in hotly contested sea, Explore in 3D: The dazzling crown that makes a king. (The last two were married to brothers.) Updated on September 28, 2018. The teenager was killed in Blackburn, Lancashire, last May. The prosecution offered no evidence against Peter Martin, of North Road, Carnforth, during a hearing beforePreston Crown Court. Some of this could certainly be attributed to the overwhelming nature of the Austrian court, as well as the reportedly overbearing attitude of her aunt-turned-mother-in-law. I think she must have had a difficult face to capture, possibly because of her constantly changing body. Prahl, Amanda. A cruel pamphlet was anonymously left in her private chambers that suggested the role of a queen or empress was only to bear sons, not to have political opinions, and that a consort who did not bear a male heir would be a scheming danger to the country. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. There are around 16 criminal courtrooms across Preston, as well as civil court rooms, and cases from across Lancashire's cities and towns - and sometimes Cumbria and Greater Manchester - are heard in them. preston crown court An uninsured driver who fled the scene of a collision, leaving a 12-year-old girl dying in the road, has been jailed. John Shingleton, 31, ofEmpress Drive,Blackpool, had denied making threats to stab him, kill him, and shouting abuse during a period in July last year. Dont Miss a Single Sparkling Moment! He insisted to his mother that he would not propose to Helene, only to Elisabeth; if he could not marry her, he swore he would never marry. Preston Crown Court Crime Abusive husband sent nudes of wife to men and threatened to kill her News Fake sex abuse claims get British woman 8.5 year prison term Crime Woman jailed after false. the gardens, the opera house. Francesca Haworth died in hospital after she was found unresponsive by the ambulance service at an address in Blackpool. The jury found Roache not guilty on all charges after Roaches legal team argued the investigation had been clouded by abuse allegations made against Jimmy Savile and other celebrities. Privately, Ludovika also hoped the trip might secure a second marriage in the family: between Franz Josephs younger brother, Karl Ludwig, and Elisabeth. But having made the call, Cregan lay in wait before launching a gun and grenade attack, killing both officers. Elisabeth was forced away from politics around 1860, when several bouts of ill health caught up with her, along with stress brought on by the rumors of her husbands affair with an actress. Read about our approach to external linking. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. In 2013, the royals sold the necklace and the coordinating earrings at Sothebys. Here we take a look at some of the other high profile cases to be tried at Preston Crown Court. Enter your name and email address below to subscribe to our weekly newsletter! The wound was not evident at first, but Elisabeth collapsed soon after boarding, and it was discovered that Lucheni had stabbed her in the chest with a thin blade. Nigel Evans was cleared of all the counts against him and has since made a return to politics. Hours are: April-20 October: daily 9 am-6 pm 21 October-March: daily 10 am-5 pm, Better Jewelry Treasury than the Tower of London, Come see how the Rich and Famous of Germany lived. Speaking after sentencing, Det Sgt Gary Brackley said Robinson's actions were "cruel, cowardly and wicked". David Pilkington, 27, of Bannister Drive, Leyland, got eight penalty points after admitting drink driving, and must pay a 300 fine, 32 surcharge and 150 costs. Steadman Thorpe, 29, of Dawson Walk, Preston, admits driving without due care and attention and must pay a 184 fine, 30 surcharge and 85 costs. Even though her mother-in-law and rival Sophie died in 1872, Elisabeth often remained away from court, choosing instead to travel and to raise Valerie in Hungary. Hearing enhancement facilities are available at this court. The secret mine that hid the Nazis' stolen treasure. We were a bit apprehensive about visiting this site as it was festival time and all guide books state it has long queues for entry but there were no queues and there were hardly any visitors there at all. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. Location within Preston City centre. There is a great coffee shop around the corner -grab a cuppa, wait in the (short) line for a ticket, check your stuff in the required cubbies (or don't bring a big bag or coat if weather permits), and then wander to your heart's content. Preston Crown Court and Family Court (Sessions House) Biography of Marie-Antoinette, French Queen Consort, Biography of Empress Matilda, Contender for the English Throne, Biography of Marie Antoinette, Queen Executed in the French Revolution, Biography of Matilda of Scotland, Wife of Henry I of England, Female European Historical Figures: 1500 - 1945, Industry and Agriculture History in Europe, The Tragic Austrian Empress Who Was Murdered By Anarchists, M.F.A, Dramatic Writing, Arizona State University, B.A., English Literature, Arizona State University, B.A., Political Science, Arizona State University. Jai [], A pair of cleaners who burgled the house they worked in, stealing 11,000 of sentimental jewellery and electrical items, have been jailed. The festivities ran for several days, and included a parade, horse races, and a whole lot of beer drinking. Mr Dawson, 42, was found in Jutland Street, Preston, at around 3am last Friday (June 17). Heres another portrait of Therese wearing the tiara. preston crown court | Blog Preston A "cruel, cowardly and wicked" thief who stabbed a sleeping man more than 20 times has been jailed for life. Something went wrong, please try again later. The former Pc is appealing against the severity of his sentence for the murder of Sarah Everard. Mohammed Ashraf, 39, of Castle Mount, Fulwood, Preston, admits driving without insurance and must pay a 274 fine, 30 surcharge and 85 costs. Even my teenagers were amazed at the beautiful rooms, gold and gaudy decor, outstanding jewels, and priceless artwork and tapestries. Ellie Williams trial opens - Neil Wilby Media Empress Elisabeth (born Elisabeth of Bavaria; December 24, 1837 - September 10, 1898) was one of the most famous royal women in European history. Preston Crown Court - latest news, breaking stories and comment - Evening Standard Preston Crown Court News Videos Woman jailed for falsely claiming to be victim of Asian grooming gang By Video. It was around this time that she began standing her ground with her husband and mother-in-law, especially when they wanted another pregnancy which Elisabeth did not want. She relented, however, in 1867, as a strategic move: by returning to her marriage, she increased her influence in time to push for the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which created a dual monarchy in which Hungary and Austria would be equal partners. 11. preston crown court | Blog Preston Describing his brush with the justice system as 'pure hell' he has since campaigned for anonymity before trial for people accused of sexual offences. Heres a closer look at the tiara, which is just an absolute whopper of a jewel. Serious and pious, Helene did not appeal to the 23-year-old emperor, although his mother expected he would obey her wishes and propose to his cousin. A clockwork mechanism makes it walk, and whoever it stops by, must drink it all. A 1586 statuette of St. George slaying a jewel-encrusted dragon. Cultural overload here. Opening times Court open Monday to Friday 8:30am to 5pm Telephone enquiries answered Monday to Friday 9am to 5pm Counter open Monday to Friday 10am to 2pm (County Court) Email County court. A police investigation found Robinson initially tried to get into the house through the front, avoiding CCTV cameras, but then climbed over a rear garden gate and entered through a back door. The most notorious cases to be heard at Preston Crown Court Here, in another portrait depicting her in her coronation robes, the pearl girandoles are easy to spot. Robert Thompson and Jon Venables became Britains youngest convicted killers when in November 1993, both aged 11, they were found guilty of murdering toddler James Bulger. Victim Jamie Robinson was at his mothers address in Bowlingfield when he [], A man has been jailed for seven years and three months after he committed blackmail. Elisabeths childhood was much less structured than many of her royal and aristocratic counterparts. Ive never seen a portrait of Queen Therese wearing these ruby and spinel jewels, but this photograph of Crown Princess Antonia of Bavaria, taken around 1921, shows her wearing the jewels. Blog Preston is a Community Interest Company. Find news by category, select an category of your choice to be kept up to date with the latest goings on. One dead and seven injured in Cornwall nightclub knife attack, Nurses strike continues: Major disruption for NHS services in England, Additional flight to evacuate Britons from Sudan today, MasterChef Australia judge Jock Zonfrillo found dead aged 46, Ryanair cancels 220 flights over May 1 bank holiday due to strikes, Hardcore coronation fans already camped outside Buckingham Palace. William Roache - historic sex offences (not guilty). This left Franz Joseph's brother Karl Ludwig (and, upon Karl Ludwig's death, his son Archduke Franz Ferdinand) as the heir. "The Life and Reign of Empress Elisabeth of Austria." A police representative said Robinson made off from the scene and left the man for dead, but he staggered from the property and alerted neighbours. He apologised to his victims. A further hearing will take place to determine who should pay his legal costs in the light of him being cleared. Among her favorites were these classic pearl and diamond girandole earrings. Hannah Jones, 26, of Bankfield Court, Mirfield, appeared at [], Two men have been jailed for life and third for 15 years after a man was stabbed to death in Preston. Christopher Oldham was found hanged in his cell in HMP Preston in April 2011. The most notorious trials from Preston Crown Court On Thursday November 28, Hillsborough match commander David Dukenfeld walked from Preston Crown Court a free man. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/biography-of-empress-elisabeth-of-austria-4173728. Go early, avoid the lines. Later biographies attempted to uncover the depth of Elisabeths life and inner conflict. Samantha Addison, 47, and Lisa Power, 40, were []. It is widely believed that Sophie was the source. She died almost immediately. Rabia Shahbaz gave a false witness statement to police to protect her husband, Shahbaz Khan, who murdered a doctor and her 14-year-old daughter. Airport style scanners were installed, armed police patrolled the building and marksmen stood guard on the roofs of surrounding buildings. Facebook The force said the man suffered two punctured lungs and wounds to his face and body, but still told officers the 31-year-old had inflicted his injuries. Empress Elisabeth (born Elisabeth of Bavaria; December 24, 1837 September 10, 1898) was one of the most famous royal women in European history. One crown made in France in 1860 probably took 2 people to lift. Sessions House, Preston - Wikipedia Richard Goulding, 36, of HMP Preston, got six months suspended for two years, was found guilty of causing actual bodily harm to a woman, and must pay 300 compensation, a 122 surcharge and 940 costs. ThoughtCo. In 1858, Elisabeth finally fulfilled her expected role by becoming the mother of an heir: the Crown Prince Rudolf. National World Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. Video, The secret mine that hid the Nazis' stolen treasure, Banana artwork in Seoul museum eaten by visitor, Explosion derails train in Russian border region, JP Morgan snaps up troubled US bank First Republic, Father tells how gunman opened fire on Texas home, Trump mistrial request denied in NY rape lawsuit, Ding becomes China's first male world chess champion, NFL player's daughter, aged two, drowns in pool. Preston Crown Court | The Independent Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in, Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in, Please refresh your browser to be logged in, Abusive husband sent nudes of wife to men and threatened to kill her, Fake sex abuse claims get British woman 8.5 year prison term, Woman jailed after false grooming gang claims, Three men tried to take their own lives after false rape claims caused outcry, Far-right extremists discussed underground base in Lake District, court hears, Father who shook his baby to death before blaming girlfriend jailed, Eleanor Williams case put Barrow through the wringer, says local MP, Woman guilty of making false grooming gang rape claims, Woman accused of lying about grooming gang says she loved alleged trafficker, Medical records of alleged grooming gang victim do not match claims, court hears, Killer stabbed man to death because he wrongly thought he was meeting teenage girl, Axe killer jailed for murdering ex-girlfriend after digging her grave, Murderer returned to forest to show police where mother-of-twos body buried, Bully jailed for 32 years for murdering woman and burying body in forest, Man pleads guilty to murdering mother-of-two day after digging grave, Man told police he accidentally killed woman, court hears, Neighbour from hell jailed for 15 years over gas blast that killed toddler, Neighbour from hell caused gas blast that killed two-year-old boy, No increase in sentence for police officer who tried to rape woman, Man admits manslaughter of two-year-old boy who died in gas explosion, Killer ex-police officer Wayne Couzens fails in challenge to whole-life sentence, Judges to rule on Wayne Couzens and child-killers sentence reduction appeals, Mother criticises council after son murdered by woman trying to adopt him, Woman guilty of murdering one-year-old boy she was trying to adopt, Woman convicted of murdering boy she wanted to adopt, Couzens deserves decades in jail but whole-life term excessive, lawyer says, Arthur Labinjo-Hughes faced systematic brutality amounting to torture, Foster mother accused of murder admits using force on baby, Man jailed for killing grandfather who told him to check on children, Trial date set for man accused of murdering missing mother Katie Kenyon, Refugee sentenced for manslaughter of veteran, 86, who insulted him, Triple killer faces life for murdering his newborn baby, toddler and girlfriend, Man who admitted he killed grandmother in truth or dare game jailed, Nurse jailed after sexually assaulting colleagues at NHS A&E unit, Seven men guilty of murdering student in botched drive-by shooting, Man who tried to smuggle people into UK stuffed inside sofas is jailed, Teen in wrong place at wrong time when killed in drive-by shooting, Ex on the Beach star charged with owning indecent images of child, Woman denies making fake claims about Barrow grooming gang, Teenager jailed over murder of teaching assistant Lindsay Birbeck, Tenant given UKs first coronavirus injunction over house parties, Elvis Presley denies threatening man with knife at launderette, Drug dealer tortured man so brutally he died of perforated bowel, Lawyer cracks Friends gag at Ross lookalike trial, 'Police warned fans would be killed as Hillsborough disaster unfolded', Protesters gather as anti-fracking campaigners appeal prison sentences, Scientists call for judicial review over jailed fracking protesters, Hillsborough police chief pleads not guilty to manslaughter charges. In 1810, when he was looking for his second wife, Napoleon Bonaparte glanced her way before ultimately marrying Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria. Nine pregnancies will certainly do that.) Mutiny at Fulwood Barracks: the double murder that shook Preston, Witches, sheep thieves and forgers: The odd crimes convicted at Lancaster Castle, The handless corpse: Chorley murder case uncovers international drug operation, The hidden stories of the most interesting streets in Lancashire, The Blackburn child killer and rapist who changed criminal forensics forever, The Blackpool poisoner: The drunkard who murdered her employer, Blackpool holidaymaker left hundreds out of pocket after hotel says they can't check in, Kerry Joines from Stoke was hoping to stay at the Blackpool Promenade Hotel over the weekend, but it was a nightmare from start to finish, Tragedy as Lancaster dad rescued from indoor caves dies of his injuries, Carl O'Keeffe passed away on Sunday, April 30, following the incident at Kong Adventure Centre in Keswick, DWP demands Universal Credit mum repays 8,600 but court rules in her favour. His younger sisters included Princess Augusta, Duchess of Leuchtenberg; Empress Caroline of Austria-Hungary; Queen Elisabeth of Prussia; Queen Amalie of Saxony; and Queen Maria Anna, also of Saxony. After the verdict, he gave a speech on the steps of the court saying, there are no winners and said he just wanted to get back to the cobbles. Everything Keir Starmer told us while visiting Blackpool including ASB pledge, regeneration funding and B&B crisis 'plan', The Labour leader accused the Conservatives of "turning a blind eye to antisocial behaviour here in Blackpool", Mystery behind pub closure solved as owners create family friendly destination, We visited the bakery that's so busy you have to ring ahead with your order, Lathams of Broughton sells a huge range of irresistible cakes, pastries and pies, Lancashire village with stunning reservoirs, mysterious ruins and its own microbrewery, Rivington is a must-do on a sunny day and its packed full of gems to discover, 24 names and faces of Lancashire criminals put behind bars in April, Lytham Festival bosses launch residents' group to answer concerns over growing event, The organisers will be allowed to welcome an increased capacity on two days of this year's festival, Ryan Lowe plans Peter Ridsdale conversation as Preston North End future questioned, PNE fell out of the play-off race with Saturday's defeat to Sheffield United, Vincent Kompany explains Burnley's Premier League transfer planning and Alan Pace's role, The Clarets have won the Championship title in the Belgian's first season as boss, Residents' fury as sudden crime surge sees vandals destroy 20 cars in days, One 57-year-old victim said that more than 20 cars have been targeted, Bride-to-be dies days after returning from holiday park with family, Mum-of-three Ashleigh De-Andrade, 31, is believed to have suffered from a bleed on the brain and meningitis.