Library of Congress Duplication Services. In 1666, 30 of New Haven's Puritan Congregationalist families took the perilous journey by water to found "a town on the Passayak" River in order to escape religious persecution. Building/structure dates: 1917 Initial Construction, Historic American Engineering Record (Library of Congress), Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Radium Girls is also rare in that very few American movies have been made about the early 20th century struggles of female (or male) workers. startxref Library of Congress Duplication Services. JERSEYANA - The New York Times SITE HISTORY The former U.S. Radium Corporation facility, which covers 2 acres in the City of Orange, is a former radium- processing plant where extraction, production . such as microfilm or copy prints? 0000092751 00000 n The more concentrated preparations (generally containing 215 ug of radium per gram to meet British Admiralty standards) were used on aircraft and ship instrument dials, while lower-grade materials containing about 50 to 100 ug of radium per gram of mixture were used on watches, switch markings, and other devices requiring less critical reading." There were no publicly recognized health or safety problems identified or standards established for handling radioactive materials at this time. The total effective dose equivalent to the individual wearing the watch would therefore be 0.04 mrem per year. 0 0000005647 00000 n This explanation is plausible and might provide a partial explanation for the decreased luminosity of old paint, but I have my doubts. United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, Historic American Engineering Record, creator. Survey number: HAER NJ-121-A, - Beginning in 1920j, radium dial painters at the plant began reporting health problems later associated with radium exposure and many died over the next decade. site.). Their responses are included when available. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. Source: The Journal has attempted to locate current owners for each site. It emits a gamma ray at 186 keV. The regulations set forth by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in 10 CFR 30.15 state that an individual does not need a license to possess timepieces if the following specifications are not exceeded: (i) 25 millicuries of tritium per timepiece. By itself, radium in high enough concentrations will glow blue, a phenomenon first observed by Marie and Pierre Curie. color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is Tanks & Spills Report for Essex County, NJ, Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination. In November 1928, Dr. von Sochocky, the inventor of the radium-based paint, died of aplastic anemia resulting from his exposure to the radioactive material, "a victim of his own invention. A visit with one of the last "Radium Girls" - Cambridge Core 72. New Jersey Orange Essex County, 1968. At the Sesquicentennial, President Dwight D. Eisenhower was invited and wrote the following about Orange: USEFUL WEB LINKS FOR RESIDENTS AND BUSINESSES. United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ. - <]>> u.s. radium corp. - ToxicSites Nevertheless, in the early 1950s the U.S. military began to use Sr-90 instead of Ra-226 in its radioluminous personnel and deck markers. City Council Agenda; Watch Meetings Online; Orange TV3 Live; By-District Elections; Boards and Commissions; Social Media. The Journal welcomes any information to improve their accuracy. [7] It ceased radium processing altogether in 1968, spinning off those operations as Nuclear Radiation Development Corporation, LLC, based in Grand Island, New York. 0 endstream endobj 1169 0 obj <>/Size 1156/Type/XRef>>stream i@{K="{Z9~b[lVk2S\OK*wok5.%.Y)=`S\r Quoting Ross Mullner "there were so many radium painters in that country that it was common to recognize them on the streets even on the darkest nights because of the glow around them: their hair sparkled almost like a halo.". Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, et al., photographers by Flagg, Thomas R, and Gerald Weinstein. March 10, 1991. Between 1950 and the 1990s, as a result of Interstate 280 and urban renewal programs, but primarily due to the major shift in growth from the cities to suburbs, Orange lost population so that 1990 it had declined to 29,000. Bound. U.S. Radium's management and scientists took precautions such as masks, gloves, and screens, but did not similarly equip the workers. Sr-90 and Y-90 are almost always present together in the same activities (i.e., in secular equilibrium). to. The United States Radium Corporation was a company, most notorious for its operations between the years 1917 to 1926 in Orange, New Jersey, in the United States that led to stronger worker protection laws. Note: Addresses and approximate coordinates derived from government documentation, property records, interviews, and/or other resources. The April 1920 Issue of Scientific American noted that more than 4,000,000 watches and clocks had been produced using radium-containing radioluminescent paint. United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory https://www.loc.gov/item/nj1645/. Reference staff can [10] Tritium-illuminated signs were marketed under the name Isolite, which also became the name of new subsidiary to market and distribute Safety Light Corporation's products. Since Carteret was the Royal Governor of the Isle of Jersey, the territory became known as "New Jersey." United States Radium Corporation, Paint Application Building, 422 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, Historic American Engineering Record, creator. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as It was capitalized at $1,000,000, and according to the incorporation papers it had an office at in room 1230 at 346 Broadway in New York City. 0000001816 00000 n The dead woman, and others who survived, became known as the first known victims of industrial radium poisoning. Photograph. 95, radium has not been used in radioluminescent watches since 1968, or in clocks since 1978 (these dates are approximate). (Fe:}oK6qf+uElFksS^Utn%oM YIW-{wj+#\jv913mjb-+HIobg}c[|1QzAvmzBOJi^eenx8%/z georgia forensic audit pulitzer; pelonis box fan manual 046. Pleasant Turnpike, the main road from Newark to Morristown, and ultimately to Easton, Pennsylvania. (iii) 15 millicuries of tritium per dial (bezels when used shall be considered as part of the dial). Over the next several years, it opened facilities in Newark, Jersey City, and Orange. Orange, West Orange. "RADIUM PAINT TAKES ITS INVENTOR'S LIFE; Dr. Sabin A. von Sochocky Ill a Long Time, Poisoned by Watch Dial Luminant. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Therefore, the town became a busy thoroughfare for travelers, and hotels abounded due to the advent of stagecoach travel. 3 0 obj site of the original radium company city of orange. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. [17][18] In 2009, the EPA wrapped up their long-running Superfund cleanup effort.[19][20]. Next to no light is due to gamma rays. Your public services and neighborly spirit are an example to the Nation" (Clark, Eleanor Sterling. The first radioactive material to be used was radium-226 (Ra-226), but it hasn't been employed since the 1970s, at least in the U.S. Today, tritium (H-3) and promethium-147 (Pm-147) are the radionuclides of choice. The City of Orange Township is approximately 2.2 square miles and is surrounded by the municipalities of East Orange, South Orange and West Orange. and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). site of the original radium company city of orange [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/nj1645/. But demand for luminescent products surged again during World War II; by 1942, it employed as many as 1,000 workers, and in 1944 was reported to have radium mining, processing, and application facilities in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania; Bernardsville, New Jersey; Whippany, New Jersey; and North Hollywood, California as well as New York City. site of the original radium company city of orange 13 BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS Death Due to Aplastic Anemia-- Women Workers Who Were Stricken Sued Company. In 1664, James conveyed the land to two proprietors, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. At that time, a typical activity for GTLS was 200 mCi. 130. Us Radium Corp in City Of Orange Township, NJ | Homefacts The latter procedure involved dusting a freshly painted dial with radioluminescent powder so that the powder would stick to the paint. |7pGoP]%P37`}! m2Las )S-,\5x7X\`=A{=7^{{nUp`V]aOr\2[sKvv1!{Kgx;Soo*RgQzqB]!.nmg^xyH=FL]! site of the original radium company city of orange NUREG-1717 also calculated the effective dose equivalent to the wearer of a Pm-147 containing watch using two scenarios. While most of the ingested radium would pass through the body, some fraction of it would be absorbed and accumulate in the skeleton. Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Orange, Essex County, New Jersey. Their case was among the first in which a company was held responsible for the health and safety of its employees, and . . Manufacturing operations were subsequently moved into new wholly owned subsidiary corporations: Safety Light Corporation, USR Chemical Products, USR Lighting, USR Metals, and U.S. Natural Resources. Radium City Brewing | Ottawa IL - Facebook Even before official standards of workplace radiation exposure were established after World War II, data from dial painters' cases were a major source in the health and safety codes developed for the wartime Manhattan Project. The United States Radium Corporation was a company operated between the years 1917 to 1926 in Orange, New Jersey, in the United States. This firm refined ore and extracted radium used to make luminous paint for dials and hands of watches and other indicators. Nearly 4.8 million hats left Orange that year alone, bound for all four comers of the globe. In one, the effective dose equivalent was estimated to be 0.2 mrem per year. There were no publicly recognized health or safety problems identified or standards established for handling radioactive materials at this time. Source: Department of Energy "Considered Sites" database and/or other government records. For information about reproducing, publishing, and citing material from this collection, as well as access to the original items, see: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information, If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. The Morris & Essex Railroad arrived in Orange in November 1836, its first cars drawn by horses. Bound. The sealed tubes, made of borosilicate glass, were 0.5 to 1.0 cm long, and one or two millimeters in diameter. No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. There is almost no information available about the average activity of radium in clocks, nevertheless, it is known that the average activity in the clock dials from one manufacturer during the early 1970s was 0.5 uCi. The betas emitted by tritium are of too low an energy to penetrate the watch case and contribute to the dose. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as This led to litigation against U.S. Radium by the so-called Radium Girls, starting with former dial painter Marguerite Carlough in 1925. Significance: The U.S. Radium Corporation site, including the surviving structural components dating to the period 1917-1926, were associated with nationally significant developments in health and safety standards, the ability of women reformers to secure protection for workers handling radioactive materials, and tools used to detect and measure radio-isotopes. Radium City Brewing is the first production brewery in LaSalle County in almost 50 years! Photo(s): 3 | Data Page(s): 98 | Photo Caption Page(s): 2, Raber, Michael S - Alfson, Mary - Weinstein, Gerald - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Boesch, Eugene J, Photo(s): 8 | Data Page(s): 16 | Photo Caption Page(s): 3, Photo(s): 89 | Data Page(s): 53 | Photo Caption Page(s): 7, Raber, Michael S - Turner Construction Company - Weinstein, Gerald - Pittsburgh Clay Products - Kahn, Albert - Hartz Mountain Industries, Incorporated - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Cary, Brian, Photo(s): 20 | Data Page(s): 6 | Photo Caption Page(s): 3, Van Dolsen, Nancy - Alfson, Mary - Historic American Engineering Record - Strauss Bascule Bridge Company - Stokes, Christopher, Measured Drawing(s): 1 | Data Page(s): 38, Raber, Michael S - Weinstein, Gerald - Raber, Michael S. - Stewart, Robert C - Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company - Westinghouse Electric Company - Historic American Engineering Record. 72. Robley Evans once told me that he could estimate how old radioluminescent paint was by examining the size of the ZnS crystals under a microscope. The company was nationalized into a Crown corporation in 1943 when the Canadian federal government purchased share control. This site handled (or was contaminated by) radium, according to government records. Map marker indicates approximate center of the former facility, based on site diagrams in a 2006 Environmental Protection Agency report. Photo(s): 3 | Data Page(s): 98 | Photo Caption Page(s): 2, Raber, Michael S - Alfson, Mary - Weinstein, Gerald - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Boesch, Eugene J, Photo(s): 2 | Data Page(s): 14 | Photo Caption Page(s): 2, Raber, Michael S - Alfson, Mary - Historic American Engineering Record - Weinstein, Gerald - Boesch, Eugene J, Photo(s): 89 | Data Page(s): 53 | Photo Caption Page(s): 7, Raber, Michael S - Turner Construction Company - Weinstein, Gerald - Pittsburgh Clay Products - Kahn, Albert - Hartz Mountain Industries, Incorporated - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Cary, Brian, Photo(s): 17 | Data Page(s): 42 | Photo Caption Page(s): 3. According to a Department of Commerce Information Circular from 1930, the paint might contain "from 0.7 to 3 and even 4 milligrams of radium element to 100 grams of zinc sulfide. are occupied by residences, light industries, offices, grocery stores, and apartment buildings. https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information, United States Radium Corporation, 422-432 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, Ford Motor Company Edgewater Assembly Plant, Assembly Building, 309 River Road, Edgewater, Bergen County, NJ. British Medical Research Council (1956) 0.2 uCi, Seelentag & Klotz, Germany (1959) 0.04 uCi 0.008 - 0.095 uCi, Seelentag & Schmier, Germany (1961) 0.014 uCi 0.002 - 0.885 uCi, Fitzsimmons (1972) 0.2 to 1.8 mrem per year with an average of 0.6 mrem per year, Moghissi and Carter (1975) 0.8 urem/27 uCi. According to NCRP Report No. EPA and NJDEP encourage the public to review these documents to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the Site and Superfund activities that have been conducted at the Site. 1 0 obj ,mW(|{JQ?_-b[f83EuW~-/[n m;}~VG*dG@pOKoxb-FF6pF .O#\8l;jeZpicmRWb-X site of the original radium company city of orange. Presidents, presidential candidates, and governors have attended prior anniversary celebrations. Learn more about ORAU at www.orau.org. (1968) United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ. Please do not ask about an appraisal as we do not attribute monetary values to items. It was delicate work, and radium-dial factories hired young women to do it. The brand name for the radioluminescent paint produced by U.S. Radium Corporation was "Undark." Orange, New Jersey, has origins in Connecticut's New Haven Colony. Lawyer Edward Markley was in charge of defending the company in these cases.[1]. Measured leakage rates from watches employing tritium containing paint were up to 83 nCi (0.083 uCi) per day in one study, and 1 to 370 pCi per minute in another (0.0014 to 0.5 uCi per day). Radium Girls : In the 1920s as now, companies choose profits over 0000002131 00000 n 0000002617 00000 n United_States_Radium_Corporation - chemeurope.com Any mesothorium that might have been used will no longer be present, it has long since decayed away. After the war came another period of retrenchment. The first electric trolley in the State of New Jersey operated over a section of this line. <> The company occupied the former Ottawa High School, located at Columbus and Washington Streets. 030-05980, 030-05982", "U.S. Radium Superfund Site Remediation - Sevenson Environmental Remed", "EPA wraps up long cleanup of U.S. Radium pollution in Essex County", "08/16/2006: EPA Cleans Up the U.S. Radium Site in Essex County", Radium Luminous Material Corporation stock certificate, United States Radium Corporation stock certificate, United States Radium Corporation, 422-432 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, United States Radium Corporation, Paint Application Building, United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Radium_Corporation&oldid=1134279753, Historic American Engineering Record in New Jersey, Defunct technology companies based in New Jersey, Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1980, American companies disestablished in 1980, Defunct manufacturing companies based in New Jersey, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using embedded infobox templates with the title parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 22:03. They arrived on territory now encompassing Newark, the four Oranges, and other nearby municipalities. If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in Finally, in May 1980, U.S. Radium created a new holding company, USR Industries, Inc., and merged itself into it.[9]. *UK/{Zj>b The effective dose equivalent due to the tritium in the general room air was essentially the same, i.e., 0.02 mrem. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/nj1644/. site of the original radium company city of orange. The following table comes from "The Use of Radium in Consumer Products," a 1968 publication of the US Public Health Service. At the start of the 20th century, radium made its way into everyday items, from cosmetics to medicines to toys. Kunz and Charles Baskerville, a chemist, made their paint by mixing radium-barium carbonate with zinc sulfide and linseed oil. In the United States, the first company to produce radioluminescent paint was the Radium Luminous Material Corporation in Newark, New Jersey. Let the Journal know at [email protected], "The former U.S. Radium Corporation facility, which covers 2 acres in the City of Orange, Essex County, New Jersey, is a former radium-processing plant where extraction, production, application, and distribution took place from about The Safety Light Corporation, in turn, was sold to its management and spun off as an independent entity in 1982. @%~j~4dKg,}5o}r[^: q]b6 &pc.- H%00,P42&%@0P#(( (f6E!*e00YCA[ZXX=P &dllAT4$l!by` . 2UG(@C7Fm!,1lko``m`KaFG )I!v:0. Iqy 0000002538 00000 n The production of beer ceased with prohibition in 1920, and after the repeal of the Holstead Act in 1933, the brewery was sold to John F. Trommers of Philadelphia. The dose to an individual from a Pm-147 containing timepiece is due to the emission of Bremmstrahlung and gamma rays. trailer Reference staff can - site of the original radium company city of orange It was founded in 1914 by Sabin von Sochocky and George Willis, both physicians. Estimates of the doses to individuals wearing tritium-containing watches vary: NUREG-1717 calculated both the dose to the skin in direct contact with the watch case, and the dose due the absorption through the skin of tritium in the general room air. If you have any technical or historically-related questions about the collection, or if you are interested in making a donation, contact Dr. Paul Frame via email. In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. Radium City Brewing, Ottawa, Illinois. %PDF-1.4 In 1982, citizens voted overwhelmingly to change the designation of Orange from a city to a township, thereby making it eligible for National Revenue Sharing funds. Orange was initially the agricultural portion of the City of Newark, and remained such until November 27, 1806, when the territory now encompassing all of the Oranges was detached, thus creating the Township of Orange by an act of the New Jersey State Legislature. In some plants the brush was also tipped before painting a numeral. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. Is the item digitized? 4 skeleton maps. As a result of those operations, the facility buildings and soil became contaminated with radionuclides. endobj The low energy beta particles cannot penetrate the case. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. The company was founded in 1914 in New York City, by Dr. Sabin Arnold von Sochocky and Dr. George S. Willis, as the Radium Luminous Material Corporation. But in Europe, especially Switzerland, things were different. To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our Quick links. Run by two major radium companies, United States Radium Corporation in New England, and Radium Dial Company in the Midwest, these companies needed workers who could do precise paint jobs for factory wages. (Some images display only as thumbnails outside It then became known as the City of Orange Township. On March 13, 1860, Dr. William Pierson was elected as the first Mayor of the Town of Orange. Almost immediately, the new town began fragmenting into smaller independent communities primarily because of local disputes about the costs of establishing the new departments. The tritium, which is really hydrogen, is incorporated into a polymer that also contains the luminescent material (usually ZnS). "The former U.S. Radium Corporation facility, which covers 2 acres in the City of Orange, Essex County, New Jersey, is a former radium-processing plant where extraction, production . color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of 4 skeleton maps. U.S. Radium Corp. Orange, N.J. Waste Lands: America's forgotten He also indicated that the damage could be reversed by heating the paint.
