Digital Image Processing MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) Like email spam, this problem can never entirely be eliminated, but it can be managed., Sandro Hawke, technical staff at the World Wide Web Consortium, predicted, Things are going to get worse before they get better, but humans have the basic tools to solve this problem, so chances are good that we will. A) The colours of words cannot be ignored. The 49% of these experts who expect things to improve generally inverted that reasoning: Technology can help fix these problems: These more hopeful experts said the rising speed, reach and efficiencies of the internet, apps and platforms can be harnessed to rein in fake news and misinformation campaigns. a) It's an application that alters digital videos b) It's a software that allows altering digital pictures c) It's a system that manipulates digital medias d) It's a machine that allows altering digital images View Answer 2. A) A black D. Brennan Center for Justice at the NYU School of Law, Free Expression Policy Project, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense(2008) E-rate and Universal Service Jonathan Grudin, Mark Bunting, visiting academic at Oxford Internet Institute, a senior digital strategy and public policy advisor with 16 years of experience at the BBC and as a digital consultant, wrote, Our information environment has been immeasurably improved by the democratisation of the means of publication since the creation of the web nearly 25 years ago. A new system emerged and I believe we have the motivation and capability to do it again. Communication is how we convey information to one another, whether written, verbal, nonverbal, or. As a result, there are strong economic forces incentivizing the creation and spread of fake news. At the top of a comments section, there is a drop down menu with these choices. The Future of Truth and Misinformation Online Some comments are lightly edited for style or length. In 2012, Facebook, Google and others had no incentive to pay attention to the problem. Understanding Communication Chapter 3.1- 3.17 Q &A Homework Help.docx We will probably have to evolve both new social norms as well as regulatory mechanisms if we want to maintain online environment as a source of information that many people can rely on., Stowe Boyd, futurist, publisher and editor-in-chief of Work Futures, said, The rapid rise of AI will lead to a Cambrian explosion of techniques to monitor the web and non-web media sources and social networks and rapidly identifying and tagging fake and misleading content., Jeff Jarvis, professor at the City University of New Yorks Graduate School of Journalism, commented, Reasons for hope: Much attention is being directed at manipulation and disinformation; the platforms may begin to recognize and favor quality; and we are still at the early stage of negotiating norms and mores around responsible civil conversation. Intellectual Freedom Manual(2021) Last change saved 4 minutes ago. O Both Sorting and Filtering will rearrange the data. Anonymous engineer, J. Nathan Matias, a postdoctoral researcher at Princeton University and previously a visiting scholar at MITs Center for Civic Media, wrote, Through ethnography and largescale social experiments, I have been encouraged to see volunteer communities with tens of millions of people work together to successfully manage the risks from inaccurate news., A researcher of online harassment working for a major internet information platform commented, If there are nonprofits keeping technology in line, such as an ACLU-esque initiative, to monitor misinformation and then partner with spaces like Facebook to deal with this kind of news spam, then yes, the information environment will improve. C) Information with semantic relevance receives further processing even if not directly attended to. Where there is a capitalistic incentive to provide content to consumers, and those networks of distribution originate in a huge variety of transnational and even extra-national economies and political systems, the ability to control veracity will be far outstripped by the capability and willingness to supply any kind of content to any kind of user.. marketing that product. Which model of attention is best supported by research findings and why? Two rows in the cell range can be filtered independently. Each can have real facts, but it is the facts that are gathered that matter in coming to a conclusion; who will determine what facts will be considered or what is even considered a fact., A research assistant at MIT noted, Fake and true are not as binary as we would like, and combined with an increasingly connected and complex digital society its a challenge to manage the complexity of social media without prescribing a narrative as truth., An internet pioneer and longtime leader at ICANN said, There is little prospect of a forcing factor that will emerge that will improve the truthfulness of information in the internet., A vice president for stakeholder engagement said, Trust networks are best established with physical and unstructured interaction, discussion and observation. I will help you in this solution. Featured Speakers: Doug Archer, Bob Bocher, Deborah Caldwell-Stone, Jamie LaRue, Michael Robinson Truth is no longer dictated by authorities, but is networked by peers. Information provided by the ALA Advocacy and Public Policy Office. United States v. American Library Association,539 U.S. 194 (2003)Legal Briefs filed in United States v. American Library Association (CIPA Before the Supreme Court). The question arises, then: What will happen to the online information environment in the coming decade? There are a lot of rich and unethical people, politicians, non-state actors and state actors who are strongly incentivized to get fake information out there to serve their selfish purposes., A research professor of robotics at Carnegie Mellon University observed, Defensive innovation is always behind offensive innovation. When the television became popular, people also believed everything on TV was true. A) 50 objects including green triangles and red squares Miscommunication is annoying, but not dangerous. A) Filtering makes it possible to view specific data. Recorded: September 15, 2016, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. Itll be the continuing dumbing down of the masses, although the upper cadres (educated/thoughtful) will read/see/know, and continue to battle., An anonymous respondent said, There will be a sort of gold standard set of sources, and there will be the fringe., Many who see little hope for improvement of the information environment said technology will not save society from distortions, half-truths, lies and weaponized narratives. The information that will be disseminated will be biased, based on monetary interests., Seth Finkelstein, consulting programmer and winner of the Electronic Freedom Foundations Pioneer Award, commented, Virtually all the structural incentives to spread misinformation seem to be getting worse., A data scientist based in Europe wrote, The information environment is built on the top of telecommunication infrastructures and services developed following the free-market ideology, where truth or fact are only useful as long as they can be commodified as market products., Zbigniew ukasiak, a business leader based in Europe, wrote, Big political players have just learned how to play this game. "The ACLU believes in an uncensored Internet, a vast free-speech zone deserving at least as much First Amendment protection as that afforded to traditional media such as books, newspapers, and magazines. A professor based in North America said, [This] is a capitalist system. Medium conflict leads to high performance. When there is value in misinformation, it will rule., Big political players have just learned how to play this game. How has economic globalization positively influenced world politics? However, James has chosen to not mention her, inattention to detail and her habit of coming into the office late. An information filtering system is a system that removes redundant or unwanted information from an information stream using (semi)automated or computerized methods prior to presentation to a human user. Its good for democracy to stop the spread of misinformation, but its bad for business. Market makers will increasingly incorporate security quality as a factor relevant to corporate valuation. Its how people choose to react and access to information and news thats important, not the mechanisms that distribute them., Charlie Firestone, executive director at the Aspen Institute Communications and Society Program, commented, In the future, tagging, labeling, peer recommendations, new literacies (media, digital) and similar methods will enable people to sift through information better to find and rely on factual information. Question options: Provides Clarity Creates Commitment Builds Relationships Defines Roles. There will be a sort of gold standard set of sources, and there will be the fringe. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Relying on algorithms and automated measures will result in various unwanted consequences. The Future of Digital Spaces and Their Role in Democracy, What the data says about Americans views of climate change, Podcasts as a Source of News and Information, AI in Hiring and Evaluating Workers: What Americans Think, Americans confident in Zelenskyy, but have limited familiarity with some other world leaders, How Public Polling Has Changed in the 21st Century. B) 50 objects including blue squares and yellow circles. One potential remedy these respondents suggested is a massive compulsory crusade to educate all in digital-age information literacy. This does not mean that all people will subscribe to either scientific or journalistic method (or both), but they will gravitate toward material the sources and institutions they find trustworthy, and those institutions will, themselves, demand methods of verification beyond those they use today., A retired public official and internet pioneer predicted, 1) Education for veracity will become an indispensable element of secondary school. Filters often block adults and minors from accessing a wide range of constitutionally protected speech. C) A majority of congruent items leading to no Stroop effect. It is that there are all these other options, and people can choose to live in worlds where they ignore so-called reliable sources, or ignore a multiplicity of sources that can be compared, and focus on what they want to believe. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. I believe the outrage resulting from recent events will, on balance, lead to a net improvement, but viewed with hindsight, the improvement may be viewed as inadequate. A) Target detection is faster in the cued location through the use of automatic processing. People who were more susceptible to . Excel chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet What is Digital Image Processing? Featured Speakers: Doug Archer, Bob Bocher, Deborah Caldwell-Stone, Jamie LaRue, Michael Robinson B) The late selection filter because it allows for higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. The majority of participants in this canvassing wrote detailed elaborations on their views. A. Filters sort information in alphabetical order. B) Dual filter model By Chris Petersen, Shannon M. Oltmann, and Emily J.M. The problem is human nature, The Role of Alternative Social Media in the News and Information Environment, AI and Human Enhancement: Americans Openness Is Tempered by a Range of Concerns. Resolution on Opposition to Federally Mandated Internet Filtering(2001). Checkpoint question which of the following statements Information overload crushes peoples attention spans. But the overarching and competing themes were clear: Those who do not think things will improve felt that humans mostly shape technology advances to their own, not-fully-noble purposes and that bad actors with bad motives will thwart the best efforts of technology innovators to remedy todays problems. Given that there is freedom of speech, I wonder how the situation can ever improve. What is a fact? Some even foresaw a world in which widespread information scams and mass manipulation cause broad swathes of public to simply give up on beinginformed participants in civic life. Anonymous professor, An institute director and university professor said, The internet is the 21st centurys threat of a nuclear winter, and theres no equivalent international framework for nonproliferation or disarmament. Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? CHECKPOINT QUESTION Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? Step 1: Get rid of unwanted observations The first stage in any data cleaning process is to remove the observations (or data points) you don't want. So the responsibility is with the person who is seeking the news and trying to get information on what is going on. Which of the following highlights the relevance of contextual cuing? It maintains the information in a dynamic state table and evaluates subsequent connection attempts. More specifically, the 51% of these experts who expect things will not improve generally cited two reasons: The fake news ecosystem preys on some of our deepest human instincts: Respondents said humans primal quest for success and power their survival instinct will continue to degrade the online information environment in the next decade. a) Digital Image Processing Example: The following filter: " is not any of " with two values selected: "Guides" and "Plugins" would match a record with all other values. They hope this will simultaneously enable the screening of content while still protecting rights such as free speech. Most respondents who expect the environment to worsen said human nature is at fault. National Conference of State Legislatures (updated periodically), (Note: The American Library Association does not endorse or recommend any internet filtering software. Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry (2016) See spam as an analog., Some predicted that digital distributed ledger technologies, known as blockchain, may provide some answers. International Federation of Libraries /FAIFE (Committee on Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression). Which of the following is true of the Stroop Effect? Which of the following are valid actions for - Course Hero Lastly, the incentives are all wrong. a.c.to understand why people do what they do b.d.to identify how to motivate employees. I dont think they will put much effort into eliminating it., A vice president for public policy at one of the worlds foremost entertainment and media companies commented, The small number of dominant online platforms do not have the skills or ethical center in place to build responsible systems, technical or procedural. We are too polarized. Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense, The Effectiveness of Internet Content Filters, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries, Filtering Software: The Religious Connection, Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. People will continue to cosset their own cognitive biases.. Jamais Cascio. Sorting is selective viewing of data, and Filtering is rearranging the data. The truth of news stories is far murkier and multi-faceted. A. are the most complex type of firewall B. seldom examine the data or the addresses of the message C. can filter both inbound and outbound traffic D. examine the destination address but not the source address E. can examine the contents of VPN packets 26) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the He recently read a memo from one department presenting a new, idea for a product. Sally is struggling in her Freshman Composition class and sends the following text to her father, complaining about. Our brains are not wired to contend with the pace of technological change: These respondents said the rising speed, reach and efficiencies of the internet and emerging online applications will magnify these human tendencies and that technology-based solutions will not be able to overcome them. Two columns in a cell range can be filtered independently. Producers have an easy publishing platform to reach wide audiences and those audiences are flocking to the sources. Any safeguards will appear as a way to further control narrative and propagandize the population.. Which of the following would be least likely to engage controlled attention? Statement on Library Use of Filtering Software (1997) FROM table_name WHERE expression; The process should encourage and allow users to ask for filtered websites and content to be unblocked, with minimal delay and due respect for user privacy. Educated or not, no one wants to be a dummy all the wrong connotations. O Sorting can be applied to rows but not columns. California poised to reject affirmative action measure despite summer Last change saved 4 minutes ago. also see thesummary and links to individual reports. Among educated people, we have learned mechanisms for coping with complexity. Five or 10 years from now, I expect there to continue to be many reliable sources of news, and a multiplicity of sources. ONIs mission is to identify and document Internet filtering and surveillance, and to promote and inform wider public dialogues about such practices". By Kristen R. Batch with ALA Office for Information Technology Policy and ALA Office for Intellectual Freedom, Filtering and the First Amendment (2013) O Sorting will rearrange the data, and Filtering will allow selective viewing of data. These people will drop out of the normal flow of information. And yet, it feels like as a society, we are outsourcing this function to private entities that exist, ultimately, to make a profit and not necessarily for a social good. Those wanting to spread misinformation will always be able to find ways to circumvent whatever controls are put in place., A research scientist for the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT said, Problems will get worse faster than solutions can address, but that only means solutions are more needed than ever.. Question 10 2 pts Which one of the following statements is accurate about the Sorting and Filtering in Excel? But some of these experts said the recent major successes by misinformation manipulators have created a threatening environment in which many in the public are encouraging platform providers and governments to expand surveillance. If readers do not change or improve their ability to seek out and identify reliable information sources, the information environment will not improve., Ella Taylor-Smith, senior research fellow at the School of Computing at Edinburgh Napier University, noted, As more people become more educated, especially as digital literacy becomes a popular and respected skill, people will favour (and even produce) better quality information., Constance Kampf, a researcher in computer science and mathematics, said, The answer depends on socio-technical design these trends of misinformation versus verifiable information were already present before the internet, and they are currently being amplified. The presence of largescale landlords controlling significant sections of the ecosystem (e.g., Google, Facebook) aids in this counter-response., A professor in technology law at a West-Coast-based U.S. university said, Intermediaries such as Facebook and Google will develop more-robust systems to reward legitimate producers and punish purveyors of fake news., A longtime director for Google commented, Companies like Google and Facebook are investing heavily in coming up with usable solutions. And the political environment is bad., Ian OByrne, assistant professor at the College of Charleston, replied, Human nature will take over as the salacious is often sexier than facts. Information provided by the ALA Advocacy and Public Policy Office. Two rows in a. Its important to note that the goal of these tools is not necessarily to create consistent and believable alternative facts, but to create plausible levels of doubt in actual facts. By Bob Bocher with the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Library Internet Filtering Update (2012) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a long-standing treatment choice for disorders such as depression when pharmacological treatments have failed. Sorting can be applied to columns but not rows. It is also human nature to come together and fix problems: The hopeful experts in this canvassing took the view that people have always adapted to change and that this current wave of challenges will also be overcome. Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? In addition, there will be a reaction to the prevalence of false information so that people are more willing to act to assure their information will be accurate., Howard Rheingold, pioneer researcher of virtual communities, longtime professor and author of Net Smart: How to Thrive Online, noted, As I wrote in Net Smart in 2012, some combination of education, algorithmic and social systems can help improve the signal-to-noise ratio online with the caveat that misinformation/disinformation versus verified information is likely to be a continuing arms race. Those who pursue more-accurate information and rely on better-informed sources will separate from those who are not selective enough or who do not invest either the time or the money in doing so. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Many readers recognized it as entertainment, but not all. Algorithms weaponize rhetoric, making it easier and faster to influence people on a mass scale. Several other respondents also cited this as a major flaw of this potential remedy. That is to say, things will become better but not necessarily good., AI, blockchain, crowdsourcing and other technologies will further enhance our ability to filter and qualify the veracity of information., There will be new visual cues developed to help news consumers distinguish between trusted news sources and others., Accurate facts are essential, particularly within a democracy, so this will be a high, shared value worthy of investment and government support, as well as private-sector initiatives., We are only at the beginning of drastic technological and societal changes.
