largest immigrant groups by statelargest immigrant groups by state

Sign up to receive emails from Carnegies South Asia Program! 24/7 Wall St. Immigrants convicted of a crime made up the less than half of deportations in 2018, the most recent year for which statistics by criminal status are available. The top countries of origin for immigrants were the Dominican Republic (11 percent of immigrants), China (9 percent), Mexico (5 percent), Jamaica (5 percent), and India (4 percent). This emulates a standard set of survey questions that has long been asked by the Pew Research Center.23. Figure 14 disaggregates the results by place of birth and citizenship status. Data from the Center for Migration Studies shows that 78% of immigrants in California were either naturalized or had some other legal status (including green cards and visas), and about 22% were undocumented as of 2019. The IAAS asks respondents, Which of the following best describes your personal group of friends? Respondents choose from a list of five possible responses (not counting dont know): that all, most, some, very few, or none of their friends are of Indian origin. However, thanks to the decline in response rates, the rise of the internet and smartphone penetration, and the evolution in statistical techniques, nonprobability panelssuch as the one YouGov employshave quickly become the norm in survey research.55 For instance, the Economist partnered with YouGov to track political attitudes around the November 2020 U.S. presidential election using a customized panel.56. This study relied on a nonrepresentative snowball sampling method to recruit respondents. Check your email for details on your request. Although the latter difference in perceptions of caste discrimination is tiny, it is nonetheless interesting given the lower degree of caste consciousness among U.S.-born Indian Americans. Texas, Washington, New York and California resettled more than a quarter of all refugees admitted in fiscal 2018. What are the demographic characteristics of Indian Americans? Christians are the most observant group as far as attending religious services is concerned. Figure 19 displays the responses to this question, collapsing five response categories into three for ease of exposition. However, Hindus and Muslims exhibit less comfort when it comes to having close friends of the opposite faith. The main sample was matched to a frame corresponding to all adult Indian Americans, and the oversample was matched to a frame corresponding to Indian Americans ages eighteen to twenty-seven. India tops that list in 21 states. Fifty percent of respondents who have been in the United States for ten years or less say that being Indian is very important to their identity, compared to 42 percent for those who have been in the United States for more than twenty-five years. Indeed, the survey finds that in counties with more Indian American households, respondents are significantly more likely to say their social networks are dominated by fellow Indian Americans (see figure 17).39 This effect appears to be roughly linear, although there is a steep rise once more than 5 percent of households in a county are Indian American. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, February 9, 2021, https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/09/how-do-indian-americans-view-india-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-83800. Seventy-seven percent of foreign-born Indian Americans fall into this category, compared to just 40 percent of U.S.-born Indian Americans. The key takeaway is that Republicans are more comfortable having close friends who are Democrats than the converse (see figure 23). All of the analyses in this study were conducted using the statistical software R and employ sample weights to ensure representativeness. For more information, please refer to our Complete Comment Moderation Policy. Eighty-three percent of foreign-born Indian Americans claim being Indian is either very or somewhat important to their identity, compared to 70 percent of U.S.-born Indian Americans. My dad and mom told my brother and me that we came to America to be Americans. 30 For an overview of the debate over caste categories in Islam in South Asia, see Julien Levesque, Debates on Muslim Caste in North India and Pakistan: From Colonial Ethnography to Pasmanda Mobilization, Institut Francais de Pondichery and Centre de Sciences Humaines, June 1, 2020, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02697381/document. Overall, 41 percent of respondents rate it as very important and another 37 percent rate it as somewhat important. One of the questions asks respondents what their country of birth is. Since 1975, Koreans have ranked among the top 5 groups of . Thirty-six percent of Hindus with a household income below $50,000 identify with caste, but that share rises to 50 percent among households making between $50,000$100,000 and 52 percent for those above $100,000. For instance, it is plausible that Indian Americans born in the United States would place less emphasis on their Indian-ness than their counterparts who immigrated. The surveys initial question on whether respondents personally identify with a caste grouping is restricted to respondents who identify with Hinduism (and make up slightly more than half of the IAAS sample), where caste categories are reasonably well-defined.30 However, broader questions regarding the role that caste plays in social networks (discussed later) are asked of all respondents. For instance, do respondents feel more Indian than American, more American than Indian, equally Indian and American, or neither Indian nor American? Minnesota has proportionally fewer immigrants compared to the nation as a whole, but we have long been a state shaped by immigration. 32 The latter figure might be even greater if there are those who consider their Indian identity to be so unimportant that they do not self-identify as a person of (Asian) Indian origin in the YouGov panel to begin with. From 1990 to 2007, the unauthorized immigrant population more than tripled in size from 3.5 million to a record high of 12.2 million in 2007. 2) Population estimates for stateswith an immigrant population under 2,000 persons are not provided due to insufficient sample size. We are grateful to the team at the Center for the Advanced Study of India at the University of Pennsylvania. Most of the nations unauthorized immigrant population lived in these top metro areas as well. Another 31 percent report little or no participation in religious services, claiming they do so seldom or never. Immigrants from Mexico (7%) and Central America (11%) were the least likely to have a bachelors or higher. Fourteen percent of non-citizens are on F-1, J-1, or M-1 visascategories of student or scholar visaswhile another 5 percent hold an L-1 visa, a designation available to employees of an international company with offices in the United States. As the figure demonstrates, foreign-born Indian Americans are significantly more likely to have a spouse or partner who is of Indian origin and born in India. according to a 2015 Pew Research Center survey, Texas, Washington, New York and California, California (24%), Texas (11%) and Florida (10%), 7.6 million immigrant workers are unauthorized immigrants, drive future growth in the U.S. working-age population, Spanish is the most commonly spoken language, more apprehensions of non-Mexicans than Mexicans, Key facts about U.S. immigration policies and Bidens proposed changes, Most Latinos say U.S. immigration system needs big changes, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care, The changing face of Congress in 8 charts. . Thirteen percent have a high school diploma and just 1 percent have not finished high school. Interestingly, more than half of all Hindu respondents (56 percent) celebrate Christmas compared to just one in five Muslim respondents. This section provides a snapshot of the Indian American population in the United States, as captured by the IAAS. Educational attainment varies among the nations immigrant groups, particularly across immigrants from different regions of the world. The modal responseselected by 38 percent of respondentsis that some of their friends are of Indian origin. 4 Sanjoy Chakravorty, Devesh Kapur, and Nirvikar Singh, The Other One Percent: Indians in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017). By the 1980s, Mexicans became the nation's largest immigrant group; by 2013, they were the largest immigrant group in 33 states. 12 Sumitra Badrinathan, Devesh Kapur, and Milan Vaishnav, How Will Indian Americans Vote? Hover over a state to get the total foreign-born population and double click on a state to get top county estimates. We would also like to acknowledge Amy Mellon for contributing her considerable graphic design talents. Among immigrants ages 5 and older in 2018, half (53%) are proficient English speakers either speaking English very well (37%) or only speaking English at home (17%). All the analyses in this study employ sampling weights to ensure representativeness.15. 35 While this might seem counterintuitive, this finding is explained by the fact that U.S.-born respondents are significantly more likely to identify as more American than Indian. By region of birth, immigrants from Asia combined accounted for 28% of all immigrants, close to the share of immigrants from Mexico (25%). Among Republicans and Republican-leaning independents, 41% say immigrants strengthen the country, while 44% say they burden it. Overall, a majority of Americans have positive views about immigrants. Sumitra Badrinathan is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at Oxford University. 45 Carroll Doherty, Which Party is More to Blame for Political Polarization? Millions of people are polled annually as part of the American Community Survey by the U.S. Census Bureau to learn more about their social, economic, and demographic circumstances. Minnesota has proportionally fewer immigrants compared to the nation as a whole, but we have long been a state shaped by immigration. 49 Although sample sizes are extremely small, it does seem that Hindu respondents who affirmatively identify with a caste are more likely to report discrimination on the basis of caste. Thirteen percent of respondents are Muslim, 11 percent are Christian, and another 7 percent belong to a variety of other faiths including Buddhism and Sikhism. There is surprisingly little systematic data about the everyday social realities that Indian Americans experience. 34 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?, 2022. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. True False True For instance, 27 percent of Hindu respondents who identify with a caste report that all or most of their Indian friends share their caste affiliation. Online panels are not the same as traditional, probability-based surveys. Twenty-eight percent respond in the affirmativethat political divisions in India are infecting dynamics within the Indian community in the United States. To probe this issue, the survey provides respondents with eight identity categories and asks them which of the following best describes their background. By tidal93341. From 2010 to 2019, the number of undocumented immigrants in the state fell from 2.9 million to 2.3 million. From 2001 to 2018, a majority (60%) of immigrants deported have not been convicted of a crime. Florida, fourth in 2016 in the share of residents who are foreign-born, first made an appearance on the list in 1980. . Clear differences along religious lines are evident in the responses to the question on the frequency of prayer (see figure 9). 51 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?. Furthermore, the earlier version of the chart incorrectly showed thepartialyear shares of Hispanic and Asian recent arrivals in 2015; the correctedcompleteyear shares are 31% and 36%, respectively. Thirty-six percent report that either all or most of their friends are of Indian origin, while 21 percent report that very few or none of their friends are of Indian origin. North Dakota made the list in 1890 and 1900. Somali immigrants are the second-largest immigrant group in Minnesota. In the 1830s, the number grew to 235,000, and in the 1840sdue to a potato . For those respondents who immigrated to the United States, over half (60 percent) arrived in the year 2000 or after (see figure 2).17 Seventeen percent arrived in the 1990s, 13 percent immigrated in the 1980s, and just 10 percent arrived before the year 1980. What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. The surveys findings are notable in this regard because previous research on polarization among the American general public has generally found that Republicans, not Democrats, possess greater antipathy toward members of the other party.45. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, How Will Indian Americans Vote? The results are displayed in figure 11. For instance, a March 2020 Pew survey found that 79 percent of Americans agree that there is a lot or some discrimination against African Americans. However, the major distinction has to do with the intensity of this feeling, exemplified by the sharp difference in the share of respondents who report being very comfortable with friends of the opposite faith: 52 percent of Hindus are very comfortable having close Muslim friends, while 46 percent of Muslims are very comfortable having close Hindu friends. Seventy-four percent of Hindu respondents who report not identifying with a caste nevertheless know enough to be able to identify the caste identities of their social networks. But self-identification as a person of Indian origin tells us little about the strength of a respondents Indian identity. The overall margin of error for the IAAS is +/- 2.8 percent. This quiz has not been published by Sporcle, Open a modal to take you to registration information, Button that open a modal to initiate a challenge, Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield, Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield, Countries of the World - No Outlines Minefield, Continents by Number of Countries in Order, Last Letters Minefield: Countries of Asia, Last Letters Minefield: Countries of Europe, Find the Provinces of Canada - No Outlines Minefield, UK Immigrant Origin Countries by Continent. Fully one-third of respondentsa large proportiondo not express an opinion either way. Sixty-four percent of respondents call a single state their home state, while 12 percent identify with multiple home states. In about one-fifth of instances, both Indians and non-Indians were perceived to be jointly responsible. It explores this contentious subject in three ways. It focuses on three issues: membership in Indian American organizations, divisions within the Indian American community (and the drivers of those divisions), and the role the Indian American community plays in U.S.-India relations. The western state of Gujarat emerges as the most common home state, with 14 percent of respondents calling it their home, followed by Maharashtra (12 percent), Andhra Pradesh (10 percent), and Tamil Nadu (9 percent). However, non-citizens are about as likely as foreign-born citizens to engage in the resolution of community issues (12 percent versus 11 percent). Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield 4 Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield Geography. In all 15 states except West Virginia the total population increased between 2010 and 2016. Since the creation of the federal Refugee Resettlement Program in 1980, about 3 million refugees have been resettled in the U.S. more than any other country. About two-thirds of Americans (66%) say immigrants strengthen the country because of their hard work and talents, while about a quarter (24%) say immigrants burden the country by taking jobs, housing and health care. More specifically, this effort scrutinizes legislative changes in immigration policy enabling this group to become the second largest immigrant group after Mexicans in the United States. We do ask that you be kind. At the time of the survey, more than half (55 percent) of Indian Americans reported that they had an immediate family member (spouse, mother, father, brother, sister, son, or daughter) currently residing in India. Source: aiisha5 / iStock . Seventeen percent of U.S.-born citizens report attending a public meeting, while 12 percent of foreign-born citizens and 6 percent of non-citizens report doing so. . One possibility is that the person or persons engaged in caste discrimination could be from another South Asian country, where caste might be a meaningful marker of status and hold greater salience.50 Another possibility is that respondents interpret caste discrimination as a stand-in for other forms of discriminationon the basis of skin color or country of origin, for example. Hover over a state to view the total number of immigrants and their top region of birth. Jonathan Kay is a nonresident research assistant in the Carnegie South Asia Program. Several states have Canada as a major source of immigrants. Lawful immigrants made up the majority of the immigrant workforce, at 21.2 million. Immigrants from Mexico and Central America are less likely to be high school graduates than the U.S. born (54% and 47%, respectively, do not have a high school diploma, vs. 8% of U.S. born). Devesh Kapur is the Starr Foundation Professor of South Asian Studies and director of Asia Programs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). Table 2 presents results of the most common languages among respondents, restricting attention to languages identified by at least 2 percent of respondents. The propensity scores were grouped into deciles of the estimated propensity score in the frames and post-stratified according to these deciles.57. In eight states, Canadian immigrants made up the second-largest group, and in four states, the second-most common country of origin was the Philippines. One way to understand the dynamics of discrimination at play is to place discrimination against Indian Americans in a comparative context. Members of the Indian American communityboth individually and collectivelyare mobilizing in response. This too mirrors the American political context, where supporters of smaller parties or those who are unaffiliated hold more favorable views toward Democrats.46. Overall, the Obama administration deported about 3 million immigrants between 2009 and 2016, a significantly higher number than the 2 million immigrants deported by the Bush administration between 2001 and 2008. Language and personal barriers, lack of interest and financial barriers are among the top reasons for choosing not to naturalize cited by Mexican-born green card holders, according to a 2015 Pew Research Center survey. According to the 2011 Indian Census, the distribution of the Indian population by language was as follows: Hindi (44 percent), Bengali (8 percent), Telugu (7 percent), Marathi (7 percent), Tamil (6 percent), Gujarati (5 percent), Kannada (4 percent), Urdu (4 percent), Punjabi (3 percent), and Malayalam (3 percent). The brightness of a country corresponds to its total migration to the U.S. at the given time. These sentiments are a far cry from those expressed by a special commission established by the U.S. Congress whose 1911 report declared that Hindus were universally regarded as the least desirable race of immigrants thus far admitted to the United States.3 More than a century laterfrom Silicon Valley CEOs to White House power brokers and influential members of Congress to leaders in fields like journalism, health, science, and engineeringthe emergence of the Indian diaspora is a remarkable coming-of-age story. These numbers are actually a lower bound of Indian Americans educational attainment. The states with the largest number of immigrants from India are California, New Jersey, and New York. The survey also asks respondents about their educational attainment, which provides insight into the socioeconomic profile of Indians in America. You are leaving the website for the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy and entering a website for another of Carnegie's global centers. 5 Devesh Kapur and Jashan Bajwa, A Study of Poverty in the Indian American Population, Johns Hopkins-SAIS, October 2020, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCf6RE2L2FpvA6mny2Y_Xtof_zdJpFdC/view. CORRECTION (Sept. 21, 2020): An update to the methodology used to tabulate figures in the chartAmong new immigrant arrivals, Asians outnumber Hispanicshas changed all figures from 2001 and 2012. Overall, there are 632 respondents in the IAAS sample who belong to the Hindu faith but only 293 who report identifying with a caste group. By contrast, more than half (57%) of immigrants who have lived in the U.S. for 20 years or more are proficient English speakers. In cases where the respondent identifies with multiple states, both states are counted as a home state. Several Asian, African, and Central American countries also have large immigrant populations in various states. Figure 21 looks more closely at the caste composition of social networks among Hindus. 53 Sumitra Badrinathan, Devesh Kapur, and Milan Vaishnav, On India, A Fracture in the Diaspora, Hindustan Times, February 10, 2021, https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/on-india-a-fracture-in-the-diaspora-101612878777662.html. 9% of Minnesotans are immigrants, up from 5% in 2000 but down from 37% in the late 1800s. On the other hand, immigrants from every region except Mexico, the Caribbean and Central America were as likely as or more likely than U.S.-born residents to have a bachelors or advanced degree. The 1965 Immigration Act allowed large numbers of Koreans to immigrate to the United States, a pattern which has continued to present day. South Korea 16,244. 3 Immigration Commission, U.S. Senate, Reports of the Immigration Commission 349 (1911) cited in Sherally Munshi, Immigration, Imperialism, and the Legacies of Indian Exclusion, Yale Journal of Law & Humanities 28, no. Figure 5 maps respondents states of origin in India. The backgrounds of children of immigrants' families vary by state and region. The survey asks respondents whether they believe other minorities experience a greater degree of discrimination relative to Indian Americans (see figure 25). Ten percent of IAAS respondents identify as South Asian American, a term which refers to diaspora populations from countries across the region such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. On the frequency of prayer ( see figure 9 ) 38 percent of respondents call a single their! Refer to our Complete Comment Moderation Policy it as somewhat important, at 21.2 million which provides into... How Do Indian Americans the overall margin of error for the IAAS is +/- 2.8.... 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