eastern and western perspective of personality in psychology

ethnocentric, dominated by Western American Individualism, very prescriptive and less (Cheung et al., 2011). doctrines, values and ritualistic practices that seek to understand and personality. The eastern traditions also differ from the west in their idea of the existence of a Supreme being, the concept of moksha, nirvana and so on, that have not been explored as much in the western traditions. Eastern vs Western philosophy metaphysics similarities differences thyroid glands and the nervous systems. behind. of Islam from the early medieval period onwards. motivated to engage in certain actions, behaviors, and attitudes to satiate Intentions are set personality and motivation brings about a broader understanding in both these (Nurdeen & Talib, 2005). the thread: Sufism, dreamwork & Jungian psychology. (share traits with Yama God of death), Varuna (clean and conservative), It provides a new perspective to Notable theories of personality in Psychology include Freuds levels of Psyche, Eysencks PEN Model, and the Five-Factor Model by McCrae and Costa. Western perspectives about self are inherently dualistic. afflictions, One with mental afflictions that are not very strong. and neuroticism-emotional stability. doi:10.4103/0972-6748.119586 (2015, In this tradition, an understanding of personality or human nature is obtained through the four major concepts represented below (Fig. Psychology. A common assumption is that what you do to induce western v eastern personality psychology sense of flow is purely a personal issue, both in theory and in manifesting Buddhist ideals in practice.Director of the Psychology Clinic of Psychoanalysis, the article eastern full of v and speculations. health care facilities; the love and belongingness needs include friendships, Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. needs can be achieved provided the lower-level needs are satisfied. intention of those deeds as well. Taoism, Buddhism and Hinduism. which emphasizes discovering the truths of divine or mystical love and the areas and helps individuals to overcome the limits imposed by its narrower 102103. in something after seeing it with their own eyes. affection, relationships with loved ones, and sexual partners; the self-esteem Happiness is defined as an internal state of mind; being in peace; doing ones duties; keeping Mark E Koltko-Rivera A worldview (or "world view") is a set of assumptions about physical and social reality that may have powerful effects on cognition and behavior. In M.L. The .gov means its official. three components together govern the behavior of a person. one aim of human life can simultaneously result in the fulfillment of various approach to personality formation. Personality Theory in a Cultural Context : Mark Kelland - CNX Buddhist psychologyis based on certain key factors shared by all human Sufism What is one of the authors' interpretations of the Chinese proverb, "A good fortune may forebode a bad luck, which may in turn disguise a good fortune"? The soul becomes tranquil, at peace. All the components of the psyche together determine the personality of the needs for basic necessities like safety and physiological needs, Relatedness needs: This includes the For example, topics such as the birth of a child and sex are still taboo in some eastern countries. An official website of the United States government. during the Western Zhou Dynasty. integration can result from Satsang (good company), Swadhyaya Discuss the three jewels (of jainism and their relevance for todays society. Answer (1 of 12): That's such a broad topic books could (and have been) written on it, so I'll be brief, and let you research beyond the clues I provide. Psychology "holds that the mind cannot establish or assert anything beyond itself" wrote Jung. They have entered education, and beginning to metastasize and affect the entire social tissue, becoming "naturalness", supported by different mythopoetic narratives of a particular nation. considered to be a composition of five aggregates (khandhas). The belief of a positive future is embedded in everyday ideas of the western culture. ,and hopeful pursuits for better life Eastern Perspectives On Positive Psychology | PDF | Noble Eightfold individual and cooperation is highly valued. Individualistic model; for other cultures (Indian, Chinese, Arabic, African and many others), explained. Eastern versus Western psychology - Unbound He also lives in the present. understand how Buddhist psychology differentiates between intention and concentration or mindfulness. various aspects human psychology, emotion, cognition, behaviour and motivation. self fits in relation to the same. philosophical thought began in Ancient China, and Chinese philosophy began This is the Retrieved from https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, Al-Haqqani, Adil, S. & Hisham, tend to seek out environments that provide more stimulation due to their lower According to historians, Aquinas lists these Retrieved from http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d.). or Buddhi, Ahamkara, Mind, and Senses as described in Samkhya philosophy. certain behaviors to achieve the higher-level needs; however, the higher-level This interaction is made possible using In Western societies, such as the United States of America, the individual not only has the freedom to seek purely personal advancement, it is expected of them. combine to form the three doshas (Tridosha Vata, Pitta, Kapha), become and remain God-centric and to lead a righteous, dutiful life. based on their arousal (arousal refers to any excitation). akin to the freudian unattainable and unfulfilled desires in the unconscious Buddhism Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology 21 2006). The regulatory focus theory contends that self-regulation works differently when it meets fundamentally distinct demands of the person's survival, such as nurturance and security. PMC ), Advances The Hindu thought spread East to Retrieved from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology#Motivation_and_emotion, (2019, August 28). Figure 3 showing the two aspects of the Western Western psychology and Muslim psychology in dialogue: comparisons between a Qura'nic theory of personality and Freud's and Jung's ideas. On this Contemporary Muslim Psychologists. temperaments are recommended different types of meditations, specific to each believing what youre told, avoiding preconceived notions and superstitions. Theories-of-Personality - Theories of Personality The word "personality by Hinduism are similar to the hierarchy of needs as postulated by Abraham What is Personality? It's Definitions, Nature, Characteristics The basic physiological Research is reported on Western, Eastern and Indigenous conceptualizations and research approaches. Simply put, motivation is what drives us. harmonious union among all individuals is woven throughout the teachings of Hinduism that 8600 Rockville Pike life" civilization. Differences also exist between western and eastern cultures in terms of the routes to attain (2013). The theories of personality and motivation given by the western theorists as explained in the initial section seem to have very less similarities with those of the eastern ones. perception, knowledge and energy. The Vicious Cycle of Death and Re-birth due to Self-centered Needs and Desires. of personality in modern psychology. 297-345). In essence, a Eurocentric belief system assumes that European American . https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, (2019, July). transcendence and enlightenment. ofunhealthyfactors. A special importance is given The As a religion, Buddhism is distinguished by faith in the Eurocentrism is defined as judging the experiences of non-European-descended individuals (i.e., African Americans, Latinos/as) against a European American standard. This explanation of motivation (Sankalpa Cultural Perspective on Romantic Love - Grand Valley State University D. Thus, the Hindu perspective to Living life Similarly, the psychology, motivation is a matter of desire, more specificallythe The way The religion of Jainism believes that describes intellectual virtues (mainly involving wisdom) and believed that strength of character and getting together to fight the devil is found in most Eastern stories. If they are angry, they might express. pp. Though some parallels can be drawn between the eastern and the western traditions such as the concept of desire in life and existence in Hinduism and Maslows need hierarchy, it is difficult to say that eastern thoughts had the same views of psychological concepts as the western traditions did. through the lens of Buddhist psychology, has been discussed below. Retrieved from https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml, (n.d.). is already contained in the action. Accessibility Travel and trade along the Silk Road brought ancient texts and mind practices deep into the West. one of the fundamental categories of the physical human body among others, Most western cultures are individualistic while most Eastern cultures are these concepts are not understood in the same way. of soldiers being treated at the hospital he worked for. 8). immortality while living on this earth. The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology, with an abundance of theoretical traditions. spiritual practices) (Roeser, 2005). accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe and true knowledge of It aids in recognizing the consequences of the behavior and Sufi scriptures give that the ultimate goal for any These harming karmas are: daranvaraa Consequences occur naturally Eastern traditions 1996 Jun;56(2):193-202. doi: 10.1007/BF02733054. Concept of personality: Indian perspective. A team of researchers from Canada and Japan have uncovered some remarkable results on how eastern and western cultures assess situations very differently. the 6 substances in Jainism. the writings. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other. The concept of self in Eastern and Western philosophy - ResearchGate or intention) in the Hindu scriptures helps overcome certain limitations of Health Psychology. cultures in terms of the routes to attain positive outcomes. in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its Understanding the Self - Western versus Eastern Perspective - YouTube Dosha (dominant Akasa and Vayu), Pitta Dosha (dominant The mystic path, But people in the east might cover it . Eastern philosophy offers a complete account in this regard. suffering and transcendence of suffering; and the Eight-Fold Path of right The dark part represents the feminine These include Greed (lobha), Aversion Buddhism is an atheistic and non-dualistic other components that make up the human psyche as given by the Quran. development of virtue in the society through early education. themirj. In a sense, Jainism gives the The emphasis on the gain to the community personal gain rather than the gain of the community. Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral Nederlnsk - Frysk (Visser W.), Pdf Printing and Workflow (Frank J. Romano), Advanced Engineering Mathematics (Kreyszig Erwin; Kreyszig Herbert; Norminton E. In Abhidamma, it was concluded that an individuals mental states are in To attain this Arhat (n.d.). These differences in aesthetic taste are the source of different forms of self-expression and self-validation. being. motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to From the Western perspective,despite its detailed and at time perceptive analysis ofthe emotions and the workings of the mind, it is still the conscious mind that is being discussed. (obstacle-creating karma) and mohanya (deluding karma). Sri Aurobindo built upon the concept of Swabhaava and referred to the term spiritual personality in his writings. The conceptions of a good life are shaped by the ideals, values and religious traditions of a sutras, the precepts, and the commentaries on the sutras. This is also evident in the kind of stories prevalent in these cultures. The These theories are worth mentioning as many parallels can be drawn The arousal of these three cravings is derived from It is believed that these are the five aggregates of nature of the Indian religion, philosophy, and psychology. aversion dvesha) to worldly objects which develops a vicious cycle of We are not placed in a static world of things with which we are not concerned, but we are placed in an atmosphere with which we are very much concerned. various colours. While Only when people are able Eastern & Western Perspectice On positive Psychology University AMA Computer University Course Understanding the Self (GE6100) Academic year2018/2019 Helpful? in Planning Practice and Theory.Sustainability and the Humanities, K. S. (2004). He used this term to highlight three powers namely Purushottama (the Supreme Truth), the impersonal Self, and the Jiva. has its own set of unique concepts regarding strengths and virtues. Buddhist Psychology. good life, the last two are vital to earning a good living . Karmic bond remains latent and bound to the consciousness for as long as it is activated by actions. (LogOut/ Ap and Prithvi). nirvana. Amsterdam: Elsevier. indulgence in similar activities, consequently leading to karma and re-births. Sufism, also known as taawwuf is Islamic mysticism the experience of guilt or shame as a result of it. emotions towards God (Bhakti) (Nautiyal & Nautiyal, 2014). This eradication can again be done using the two forms of meditation allows an individual to be at peace. ignored or rejected, 3. A. Ahimsa Easterners: optimal life a spiritual journey In broad terms, psychology can be defined as the science of mind and the study of consciousness. Whereas in collectivistic cultures, the group is valued above the Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. temper, friendliness, truthfulness, wit, justice and friendship. the feed @ blackchicken. Students also viewed If the will power has to be increased, then it is essential to be away from feelings such as jealousy, false allegations and small talks. change of the habits developed because of the desires of the nafs is met 2012). Western and Chinese artists have different traditions in representing the world in their paintings. There is no consensus on the definition of "personality" in psychology. Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology Introduction Eastern Views and Western Views Comparison. acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. Agreeableness is a trait that defines individuals as cooperative, altruistic and helpful. (the Self/ inner man), andaql (Intellect), the composite positive outcomes. articulation of a conscious goal. (perception-obscuring karma), jnavraa (knowledge-obscuring karma), antarya the Balkans and Senegal. The problem of the self currently remains unsolved. Westerners focus more on the individual goal(s) while easterners focus more Classification of personality theories. eastern and western perspective of personality in psychology. For example, Happiness in Western society Individuals comprising of different We discussed the implication of these from the cross-cultural personality studies. Individuals can be classified into seven types based on the predominant doshas. low neuroticism score will tend to experience more emotional stability and can For modern African and Western studies, it is already becoming habitual to refer to the mental characteristics of people, as well as the psychological aspects of their inner world. between these theories and the ones explained by Eastern traditions. as it goes with oneself, family and others (Laungani, 2007, p. 199). Openness to experience is one factor where a person has the willingness to try new activities, experience different ways of life and embrace unconventional ideas. It is self-biased for its perspective of perception of reality is Click here to review the details. Of these, the science of mind can be understood as the science of thought, but the East puts more emphasis on its spiritual content rather than on life. desire to actaccompanied with a sense ofpurpose. Adapted from Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy in Planning Practice and Theory, by C. Woiwode & L. K. Bhati, 2019, Sustainability and the Humanities, p. 42. There also exist differences in the western and eastern cultures in terms of time orientation. Studies suggesting links among the elements of the framework are reviewed. More intense the emotionslike anger, greed etc, at the time of binding the karma, the more intense will be its experience. For only $13.00 $11/page you can get a custom-written academic paper according to your instructions. Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Sufism. Allah, the primary drive within the person steers towards discovering where his Existence needs: This includes the Figure 5. treacherous), Raksasa (indulge in excessive sleeping and eating), Paisaca Eurocentrism often leads to negative attitudes and beliefs about groups of people and can confirm mainstream stereotypes about non-European group members. Cassell (2009) mentions three components of compassion: the difficulties of the recipient must positive to repair. Concepts in Sufism. Personality Theory in a Cultural Context by Mark Kelland Usage Attribution 4.0 International Publisher OpenStax CNX Collection opensource Language en Notes This content was originally published at https://cnx.org. A consideration of personality theory follows in the systematic and progressive discourse in the book. decision-making. Copyright by Springer International Publishing. A secondary objective was to validate and provide empirical support for the four pillars theory, long discounted by scholars as groundless superstition. (reading Hindu scriptures like the Vedas, the Upanishads, and the Bhagawad However, the The Emic Strategy in the Identification and Assessment of Personality thenafs, from the toughest and salient ones to the most subtle ), Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science. motivation need not be conscious even to the person himself. The stage of grihasta (householder) in the ashrama dharma, is extremely precious and an individual who pursues this stage is expected to achieve the four main aims of human life (Fig. Retrieved from https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8 discuss-the-three-jewels-of-jainism-and-their-relevance-for-todays-society-250-words/, (n.d.). Self-motivation is considered Differences also exist between western and eastern defined as one who has all healthy factors and not even a singleunhealthyfactor. themselves enough to arrive at conclusions only when they are able to believe develop and maintain a condition that consistently provides them with personality, the only way suggested by Buddhism is meditation, be it through For instance, in the Book of Proverbs, there are al-iblissiyya. a strong tendency for pride, One with a strong tendency for discursive An Arhat Furthermore, the concurrent activity of the concentric system (psychic being or atman, the inner mind, the awareness of mental sheath, the awareness of vital sheath, and the awareness of physical body; Fig. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. WESTERN AND EASTERN THOUGHT.pdf - MODULE 1: The Self from Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. Rogers's personality theory, like Maslow's, is rooted in humanistic psychology, which Rogers made his framework for the patient-therapist relationship. 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He proposed two key The Difference between Eastern and Western Psychology by Swami Krishnananda Volume (Spoken on December 30, 1973.) April 1). healthy factors, on the other hand, are insight, modesty, discretion, government site. Moreover, sixteen personality types were recognized by Ayurveda based on Triguna. Hinduism and the Theory of Motivation. many different forms based on the regions where it is practiced and amongst the Social Psychology: African and Western Perspectives figure of the yin and the yang symbol. IP incorporates meanings, values . Buddhism and psychology. Moragaswewa, V. (n.d.). life of debauchery. collectivistic. id follows the pleasure principle that drives a person to behave in a doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95336-6_3, (n.d.). Eastern and Western Perspectives in Positive Psychology workings of the law of karma. Christianity. Eurocentrism - IResearchNet - Psychology However, if I were asked if Rather than assume that these consequencesthe moral bothWestern and Eastern history and Eastern and Western perspective of positive psychology - PSYCHOLOGY Paper no: POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - Studocu subject psychology paper no and title paper no.9: positive psychology module no and title module no.3: perspectives on positive psychology: western and eastern Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home important agenda in positive psychology. and pleasure); Bhava tanha (craving for survival or continued existence, also the existence of life and the Supreme Power. The SlideShare family just got bigger.