On the coastal plains of North Carolina, the main industries are Agriculture and defense. Change the way you dye fibers with a technology that uses no water and less energy than the classic bath-dyeing technology. 12: Transportation, KM 1 and Figure 12.2). How a place relates to surrounding areas, though, is also a vital component of its economic success. While urban areas such as Baton Rouge and Lafayette were hit the hardest, receiving upwards of 30 inches in a few days, coastal locations were also inundated with up to 20 inches of rain. B. Doughty, C. L., J. Reductions in the frequency and intensity of cold winter temperature extremes are already allowing tropical and subtropical species to move northward and replace more temperate species. As a result, the ecological resources that people depend on for livelihood, protection, and well-being are increasingly at risk, and future generations can expect to experience and interact with natural systems that are much different than those that we see today (very likely, high confidence). Ecological diversity in the Southeast is high,113,114,115,116,117 and southeastern ecosystems and landscapes provide many benefits to society. Although it is possible to make general predictions of climate change effects, specific future ecological transformations can be difficult to predict, especially given the number of interacting and changing biotic and abiotic factors in any specific location. The Southeast includes vast expanses of coastal and inland low-lying areas, the southern (and highest) portion of the Appalachian Mountains, numerous high-growth metropolitan areas, and large rural expanses. Climate model simulations of future conditions project increases in both temperature and extreme precipitation. 3: Water, KM 2).. Water utilities across the Southeast are preparing for these impacts. Four counties in Southeast Florida formed a climate compact in 2010 to address climate change impacts, including sea level rise and high tide flooding.91 Recently updated in 2017, their climate action plan was one of the first intergovernmental collaborations to address climate change, adaptation, and mitigation in the country. Sources/Usage: Public Domain. Privacy Statement 8: Coastal, KM 1). Tallahassee, FL. Broadband adoption recommendations. There is high confidence that climate change (e.g., rising temperatures, changing fire regimes, rising sea levels, and more extreme rainfall and drought) will very likely affect agricultural and forest products industries, potentially resulting in economic impacts. Chavez-Ramirez, F., and W. Wehtje, 2012: Potential impact of climate change scenarios on whooping crane life history. Mitsch, W. J., and J. G. Gosselink, 2007: Wetlands. Davis, M. B., and R. G. Shaw, 2001: Range shifts and adaptive responses to quaternary climate change. Prosperity in the coastal region is uneven, with some communities still struggling to make economic gains since the Great Recession of the late 2000s. However, between 1932 and 2016, Louisiana lost 2,006 square miles of land area (see Case Study A Lesson Learned for Community Resettlement),211 due in part to high rates of relative sea level rise.212,213,214,215 The rate of wetland loss during this period equates to Louisiana losing an area the size of one football field every 34 to 100 minutes.211 To protect and restore the Louisiana coast, the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) has worked with local, state, and federal partners to iteratively develop a 2017 Coastal Master Plan that identifies investments that can provide direct restoration and risk reduction benefits.216 The aim of the 50-year, $50-billion strategy is to sustain Louisianas coastal ecosystems, safeguard coastal populations, and protect vital economic and cultural resources.216. The Southeast includes vast expanses of coastal and inland low-lying areas, the southern portion of the Appalachian Mountains, numerous high-growth metropolitan areas, and large rural expanses. WebThe Coastal Plain province comprises the southern and eastern thirds of the state, and its elevation varies from sea level to about 300 feet (90 metres). High-amenity rural areas typically have experienced substantial economic and population growth. Osland, M. J., L. C. Feher, K. T. Griffith, K. C. Cavanaugh, N. M. Enwright, R. H. Day, C. L. Stagg, K. W. Krauss, R. J. Howard, J. McEwan, R. W., J. M. Dyer, and N. Pederson, 2011: Multiple interacting ecosystem drivers: Toward an encompassing hypothesis of oak forest dynamics across eastern North America. Projections of potential change in the frequency and extent of wildfires depend in part on models of future population growth and human behavior, which are limited, adding to the uncertainty associated with climate and forest modeling. The ecological transformations induced by these extreme events will affect many of the benefits that natural systems provide to society. 17: Southeast and the Caribbean. Infrastructure, particularly roads, bridges, coastal properties, and urban drainage, is vulnerable to climate change and climate-related events (see Key Message 2) (see also Ch. Woodroffe, C. D., and J. Grindrod, 1991: Mangrove biogeography: The role of quaternary environmental and sea-level change. Many in rural communities are maintaining connections to traditional livelihoods and relying on natural resources that are inherently vulnerable to climate changes. Rural communities are integral to the Southeasts cultural heritage and to the strong agricultural and forest products industries across the region. Along the coast, for example, warmer winter temperatures are expected to allow mangrove forests to move northward and replace salt marshes (Figures 19.16 and 19.17).135,149,150,151,152 Coastal wetlands, like mangrove forests and salt marshes, are abundant in the Southeast.153,154 The societal benefits provided by coastal wetlands are numerous.119 Hence, where coastal wetlands are abundant (for example, the Mississippi River Delta), their cumulative value can be worth billions of dollars each year and trillions of dollars over a 100-year period.155 Coastal wetlands provide seafood, improve water quality, provide recreational opportunities, reduce erosion, support food webs, minimize flooding impacts, and support high rates of carbon sequestration.118 Foundation species are species that create habitat and support entire ecological communities.156,157 In coastal wetlands and many other ecosystems, foundation plant species play an especially important role. Authors with specific expertise in each of these areas were sought, and a draft outline built around these issues was developed. Future temperature increases are projected to pose challenges for human health. Ferrario, F., M. W. Beck, C. D. Storlazzi, F. Micheli, C. C. Shepard, and L. Airoldi, 2014: The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation. doi: Smee, D. L., J. Krakauer, N. Y., 2012: Estimating climate trends: Application to United States plant hardiness zones. The following correlation chart illustrates the relation between North Carolina coastal plain aquifers, geologic time above fractured bedrock can improve yields to 200 gallons per minute or more. Downsides of this population gain include higher costs of living driven by increased demand for housing and greater traffic congestion. Economic Activity 1 Industries found in the Coastal Plains include processing, manufacturing and marketing products, mainly seafood and wood. A high tide of 2.38 feet above Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) occurred in the afternoon of October 3. Storey, M., and E. W. Gudger, 1936: Mortality of fishes due to cold at Sanibel Island, Florida, 1886-1936. NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 053. Rehage, J. S., J. R. Blanchard, R. E. Boucek, J. J. Lorenz, and M. Robinson, 2016: Knocking back invasions: Variable resistance and resilience to multiple cold spells in native vs. nonnative fishes. Drought and extreme heat can result in tree mortality and transform the regions forested ecosystems (Ch. It is part of a larger area called the southern Piedmont, which is located in the southeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States and is about 870 miles long and 60 to 190 miles wide. Climate greatly influences the structure and functioning of all natural systems (Ch. Tallahassee, FL, 113 pp. Coastal Plain's industry is mainly agriculture. Flooding events are highly variable in both space and time. Rosenzweig, C., W. Solecki, P. Romero-Lankao, S. Mehrotra, S. Dhakal, T. Bowman, and S. Ali Ibrahim, 2015: ARC3.2 Summary for City Leaders. 13: Air Quality, KM 1). Center for Progressive Reform White Paper. coastal Stone, 2015: Rising heat wave trends in large US cities. NWS, 2017: Detailed Meteorological Summary on Hurricane Irma [web page]. Warming ocean temperatures due to climate change are expected to have a large effect on marine and coastal ecosystems.234,235,236 Many species are sensitive to small changes in ocean temperature; hence, the distribution and abundance of marine organisms are expected to be greatly altered by increasing ocean temperatures. Download this free study to determine if PK can address POMs toxicity and sustainability issues without sacrificing performance. Global Change Research Program 1800 G Street, NW, Suite 9100, Washington, DC 20006 USA Tel: +1 202.223.6262 | Fax: +1 202.223.3065, Contact Us The Lower Coastal Plain includes the actual coastal area of the state and the Sea Islands, as well as the Okefenokee Swamp. Oswalt, S. N., W. B. Smith, P. D. Miles, and S. A. Pugh, 2014: Forest Resources of the United States, 2012: A technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 update of the RPA Assessment. Mazzotti, F. J., M. S. Cherkiss, M. Parry, J. Beauchamp, M. Rochford, B. Smith, K. Hart, and L. A. Brandt, 2016: Large reptiles and cold temperatures: Do extreme cold spells set distributional limits for tropical reptiles in Florida? B., 2018: 2017 U.S. billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: A historic year in context. Earth Economics, Tacoma, WA, 98 pp. B., B. H. Lidz, J. H. Hudson, and J. S. Anderson, 2015: A century of ocean warming on Florida Keys coral reefs: Historic in situ observations. Luedeling, E., 2012: Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: A review. Kirkman, L. K., R. J. Mitchell, R. C. Helton, and M. B. This is the only watershed-level hazard mitigation collaboration of this kind happening in the state and has the support of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Governor's Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness, and the Louisiana Office of Community Development.96, Many communities in the Southeast also participate in FEMAs Community Rating System (CRS) program, which provides reduced flood insurance premiums to communities that go above and beyond the minimum National Flood Insurance Program regulation standards.97 Many communities require a safety factor, also known as freeboard, expressed as feet above the base flood elevation, for construction in special flood hazard areas. Recent analyses of historical water levels at many NOAA tide gauges has shown an increase in the number of times that these warning thresholds were exceeded compared to the past. Based on the subsequent authors meeting and input from NCA staff, the chapter outline and Key Messages were updated to reflect a risk-based framing in the context of a new set of Key Messages. Island Press, Washington, DC,. Wells typically yield 5-35 gallons per minute. WebCoastal Plains Trucking provides safe, superior logistics services to consistently deliver value to our customers. Rising, M. Delgado, S. Mohan, D. J. Rasmussen, R. Muir-Wood, P. Wilson, M. Oppenheimer, K. Larsen, and T. Houser, 2017: Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States. Clustering stems from private sector leadership and government partnerships that drive such outcomes as business and industrial parks. Since then, cities like Charleston, South Carolina, have started to invest in flood management activities (see Case Study Charleston, South Carolina, Begins Planning and Reinvesting). Williams, J. W., and S. T. Jackson, 2007: Novel climates, no-analog communities, and ecological surprises. This includes impacts on infrastructure41,42,43,291,292,293 and human health.30,31,38,294 Increases in climate-related impacts have already been observed in some Southeast metropolitan areas (e.g., Habeeb et al. Virgina Products and industries Flashcards | Quizlet Gubernot, D. M., G. B. Anderson, and K. L. Hunting, 2015: Characterizing occupational heat-related mortality in the United States, 20002010: An analysis using the census of fatal occupational injuries database. (See the counties shaded in lightest teal in Figure 3.). Much of the affected region received between 10 and 26 inches of rain over the 4-day event, breaking many all-time precipitation records (Figure 19.12). Heat-related stresses are presently a major concern in the Southeast. Traditionally, governments and companies have taken a reactive, risk-based approach to water management, one that focuses on mitigating the economic consequences of floods and droughts but pays little consideration to environmental impacts. Acadiana Planning Commission, 2018: APC Board allocates $25 million in HMGP funding to regional flood mitigation projects. Existing flood map boundaries do not account for future flood risk due to the increasing frequency of more intense precipitation events, as well as new development that would reduce the floodplain's ability to manage storm water. Embedded in these land- and seascapes is a rich cultural history developed over generations by the many communities that call this region home. Over time, the population growth rates of metropolitan counties have increased in comparison with non-metropolitan counties. Justice, and J. R. G. Townshend, 2013: High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. 8: Coastal, KM 2; Ch. ), medium consensus, Suggestive evidence (a few sources, limited consistency, models incomplete, methods emerging, etc. The Southeast has the second highest number of farmworkers hired per year compared to other National Climate Assessment (NCA) regions.251 Climate trends and possible climate futures show patterns that are already impactingand are expected to further impactrural sectors, from agriculture and forestry to human health and labor productivity (Ch. There are still gaps in knowledge regarding the potential effects of climate change on cities across the Southeast. Coastal They are found in the different sub-regions called: Post Oak-Belt, Piney Woods, and the Blackland Prairies. 2: Our Changing Climate. Jones, W. D., 1979: Effects of the 1978 freeze on native plants of Sonora, Mexico. High rainfall totals were experienced in many impacted areas, with Fort Pierce, Florida, receiving the highest rainfall of more than 21.5 inches100 and the Florida Keys receiving 12 inches of rain.84,102 Flooding occurred on most rivers in northern Florida and in many rivers in both Georgia and South Carolina to the point that rescues were required. Interviewees also identified low-income and minority communities, substandard housing, lack of access to vehicles for evacuation, limited modes of communication, and limited local government capacity as contributing factors to difficulties in emergency planning.288, The healthcare system in the Southeast is already overburdened and may be further stressed by climate change. Nationally, there are only five large cities that have increasing trends exceeding the national average for all aspects of heat waves (timing, frequency, intensity, and duration), and three of these cities are in the Southeast regionBirmingham, New Orleans, and Raleigh. Some figures and images are copyright protected. 2019. Climate change tends to compound existing vulnerabilities and exacerbate existing inequities. Resources and Industries - The Coastal Plains EPA 430R17001. The precise impacts on cities are difficult to project. In pursuing economic development, some communities have a local focus. While recent regional temperature trends have not shown the same consistent rate of daytime maximum temperature increase as observed in other parts of the United States, climate model simulations strongly suggest that daytime maximum temperatures are likely to increase as humans continue to emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.13 The resulting temperature increases are expected to add to the heat health burden in rural, as well as urban, areas.35 Projected temperature increases also pose challenges for crop production dependent on periods of lower temperatures to reach full productivity.
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