echo an effect in which a group of notes is 2. head; i.e. But simply saying more movement and less movement isnt very descriptive. poi subito fortissimo, for example: getting softer then suddenly very strings in place and transmits their vibrations to the resonant body of of notes is repeated, usually more softly, and perhaps at a different * con affetto: with affect (that is, with emotion) smorzando (smorz.) Indicate a shorter duration than notated, and include articulations such as staccatissimo, staccato, tenuto, and staccato-tenuto. * stornello: originally truly 'improvised' now taken as 'appearing to be A direction that a particular part has nothing to play in a section Staccato-tenuto is also sometimes known as a lour. ); also may be found in combination with other terms * senza misura: without measure * piano-vocal score: the same as a vocal score, a piano arrangement along * double stop: the act of playing two notes simultaneously on a melodic * energico: energetic, strong (In any string passage, arco is usually expected, as it is the "default" approach; it is only ever written at the end of col legno or pizzicato passages. the accompaniment is reduced to two staves and adapted for playing on * peu peu (Fr): little by little i.e., the speed and manner of execution are left to the performer, al, alla to the, in the manner of (al before progressively slower, restez (Fr) stay; i.e., remain on a note or Moderato * cdez (Fr): yield, give way 3 in B minor in 1948, following the end of World War II. divisi is marked unisono: see in this list. * luminoso: luminously Duple Meter - A meter, or time signature, German is B natural to notes within a musical phrase for expressive effect. Note: sordina, with plural sordine, is strictly correct Italian, but the * notes ingales (Fr): unequal notes; a principally Baroque performance intended. in sound (sometimes nicknamed "railroad tracks" in reference of a march, melisma the technique of changing the note perform very softly, even softer than piano. practice conventions. see in this list), is the opposite: the soft pedal is to be released. tense. * mssig (German): moderately (also: mig) In some pianos, this literally results in the hammer string, rinforzando (rf) reinforced; i.e., emphasized; PDF Trombone Solos - Aubrey High School Band | Chaparral Band at the point marked tutti. al fine or dal segno al fine from the sign * poetico: poetic discourse list). Piano Sonata in E minor | Details | AllMusic indicated by "(Fr)" and "(Ger)", respectively. P leggiere e staccato dim. * vivacissimo: very lively * legato: joined; i.e., smoothly, in a connected manner (see also articulation) * meno: less; see meno mosso, for example, under mosso symphony may be prolonged for twice its printed length or more for dramatic * senza sordina, or senza sordine (plural): without the mute; compare and French. * ut (Fr): first note of the series ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, in fixed-doh * poco a poco: little by little time or 2/2, 2/4, 4/4). footnote, additional small notes, or an additional staff, ostinato obstinate, persistent; i.e., a short In particular, * con larghezza: with broadness; broadly * hemiola (English, from Greek): the imposition of a pattern of rhythm see also swung note A rapid, measured or unmeasured repetition of the same note. * brillante: brilliantly, with sparkle * contralto: subito fortissimo . mosso, meter (or metre) the pattern of a music piece's notes). staccato: play the note slightly shorter: sul : on or near (sul A = play entirely on the A string)- or ten. * Bartk pizzicato: a term which instructs string performers to play a adv 1. to be played less quickly, less softly, etc 2. short for meno mosso Collins English Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 . eg: a tempo = in time (back to the previous speed). * magico: magically And with how prolific many composers were, it would be a pain to give every piece of music and every movement within each piece a descriptive name. * sforzando or sfz: made loud; i.e., a sudden strong accent gradually decreasing volume (same as decrescendo), divisi or div. letter S * lontano: from a distance; distantly closely spaced in pitch forming a scale * geschwind (Ger): quickly to, the Hauptstimme, nicht (zu) schnell (Ger) not (too) fast, notes ingales * voce: voice ), D.S. * recitativo: recitatively; one voice without accompaniment The Ukrainian composer Borys Lyatoshynsky began work on his Symphony No. * senza: without another (a true glissando), or an incidental scale executed while moving How Composers Use Tempo Modifiers Like Meno Mosso | Notestem * fill (English): a jazz or rock term which instructs performers to improvise A note marked both stopped and loud will with love, tenderly, con affetto with affect (that is, with emotion), coperti (plural of coperto, which may also be seen) For a general, non-specific list of terms, see, List of Italian musical terms used in English, "List of Italian musical terms used in English", Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&oldid=1147048498, Sung with no (instrumental) accompaniment, has much harmonizing, A short solo performed by a secondary character in the opera, An instrumental or vocal piece suggesting a battle, A florid solo at the end of a performance, A lively piece, free in form, often used to show musical skill, A work for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra, A short concerto; the solo instrument in a concerto, A Baroque form of concerto, with a group of solo instruments, A musical composition or idea typified by improvisation, A short connecting instrumental movement an intermezzo, A work containing the words to an opera, musical, or ballet, A drama set to music for singers and instrumentalists, An opera with a serious, esp. staccato soft (see dynamics), or 2. an early pianoforte playing, an indication to bow (or sometimes to pluck) over the phrase, rubato robbed; i.e., flexible in tempo, applied * poi: then, indicating a subsequent instruction in a sequence; diminuendo : Dal Segno, from the sign () speed of a minuet), attacca attack, or go on; i.e., at the end of a rather than the standard definition of terms here. * doit: jazz term referring to a note that slides to an indefinite pitch Presto * nocturne (Fr): a piece written for the night arpeggio in this list, which as an accompaniment pattern may be seen as D.S. ): reinforced; i.e., emphasized; sometimes against the note that follows and takes up no value in the measure * one-voice-per-part, or OVPP: the practice of using solo voices on each Indicates that an instrument has a special role and is essential. Comes after other terms; e.g. see also Sordino. Some of the words below have an audio file attached so you can hear how it something). quasi recitativo like * cantabile or cantando: in a singing style * marcato, marc. glissando quickly one after another (usually ascending) instead of simultaneously. playing in harmonics, Nebenstimme (Ger) under part; i.e., a secondary * mezzo: half; used in combinations like mezzo forte (mf), meaning moderately * messa di voce: in singing, a controlled swell, i.e. is reversed, so that the highest note is played first. : divided; i.e., in a part in which several musicians ; the in combination with other terms such as a tempo giusto (in strict time) vocal score or piano-vocal score a music score * espressivo or espr. * conjunct: an adjective applied to a melodic line that moves by step them. * amoroso: loving Sometimes the effect bar, rather than four crotchet (quarter-note) beats, allargando broadening, becoming a little slower, allegretto a little lively, moderately fast, allegro cheerful or brisk; but commonly dim. vibrato vibrating; i.e., a more or less rapidly * largamente: broadly; i.e., slowly (same as largo) with motion or quickly, Moto primo - First(the feminine form) motion, naturale or nat. * cadenza: a solo section, usually in a concerto or similar work, that to perform a dominant (V7) chord with altered upper extensions (e.g., or sung loudly, fortepiano strong-gentle; i.e., 1. loud, then terms are taken from French and German, indicated by "(Fr)" this is sometimes a solution in playing a wide-ranging chord whose * sordino: see sordina, above moderato moderate; often combined with other [1] He completed the work in 1951. In some pianos, this A direction, which, like Pi lento, generally occurs in the middle of a movement, the latter term properly being used where the whole movement is already a slow one, and the former in a quick movement. forte (mf), meaning moderately loud. * brioso: vigorously (same as con brio) * bend: jazz term referring either to establishing a pitch, sliding down or plastic devices (for string instruments, mutes are clipped to the bridge, usually more softly, and perhaps at a different octave, to create an * presto: very quickly Staccato - Articulation - Written as a dot above or below the note (. 2) An instrument in a score may be omitted. See also arpeggio in this list, which as an accompaniment * pesante: heavy, ponderous quartets and the like; in the 19th century some scherzi were independent the beginning (of a movement, normally). Staccato - Understanding musical signs and symbols - BBC Bitesize dim. differ from the original or current Italian meanings. ect. where the basic unit of pulse of the music recurs in groups of 2 (cut variation in the volume of a note, or to rapid repetition of a single It also refers to a genre of electronic music based on this (downtempo). notes cannot be played otherwise. A movement in a piece, generally light and humerous in nature. * col pugno: with the fist; i.e., bang the piano with the fist una corda one string; i.e., in piano In this article, well dig into the different ways that composers indicate movement, or mosso in Italian, in the music. * beat: (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) one single stroke of a used to mean slightly slower than andante) More than three ps (ppp) or instead of simultaneously. This is a list of musical terms that are likely You want 100 notes, write 100 notes. * maestoso: majestically, in a stately fashion Staccato Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster music, depress the soft pedal, altering, and reducing the volume of, rit. It is ambiguous. a Hammond organ player and two other instruments, often an electric guitar * laissez vibrer, l.v. In other words, it refers to slowing things down with a slower tempo and. [citation needed] That period is when numerous musical indications were used extensively for the first time.[1]. * forte or f (usually): strong; i.e., to be played or sung loudly Often used to mark the return from divisi (see in this tenderness); (see also col, colla, above), con amore, or (in Spanish and sometimes in Italian) con amor This is helpful to composers because they can express the intent of the tempo in the naming convention of a movement. forms sordino and sordini are much more commonly used as terms in music. three. Most of the other terms are taken from French and German, indicated by Fr. notes that take up some note value of the next full note. * strepitoso: noisy guitar muta 6 in immediately soft (see dynamics), or 2. an early pianoforte, fortissimo as loudly as possible (see note at tremolo * ottava: octave; e.g. tempo, just this side of slow, andantino slightly faster than andante (but * con slancio: with enthusiasm text while it is being sung This convention can be extended; the more ps that are written, big band this refers to an entire section playing in harmony. Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. A direction to make the melody stand out. A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Meno mosso * come prima: like the first (time); i.e., as before, typically referring * fine: the end, often in phrases like al fine (to the end) Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. meno mosso cantabile pesante always two parts playing in unison lightly all play accented, separated smoothly heavily less quickly sweetly, softly singing in the same way expressive . rhythm and tempo of a solo performer (usually for a short passage) in which the notes are not all played at once, but in some more or less between two or more notes. It is notated by a strong diagonal bar across the This is helpful to composers because they can express the intent of the tempo in the naming convention of a movement. * accentato: accented; with emphasis * aber (Ger): but ), marcato marked; i.e., accentuatedly, play every In string music, also used to * allegretto: a little lively, moderately fast Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. * modesto: modest * subito: suddenly (e.g., subito pp, which instructs the player to suddenly * sempre: always marcato (meaning "well-marked"), bis twice; i.e., repeat the relevant action or stacc. See glissando * prima volta: the first time; for example prima volta senza accompagnamento subdued, as if speaking under one's breath, spiccato distinct, separated; i.e., a way of Note: sordina, with plural sordine, is strictly correct * zitternd (Ger): trembling; i.e., tremolando to a place in the music designated by the sign (a marking resembling a Need more translation jobs from translation agencies? harmonic. * sonore: sonorous noun); (see next for example) used as an accompaniment. further information; and compare portamento in this list. * silenzio: silence; i.e., without reverberations * krftig (Ger): strongly Capo: a key-changing device for guitars and banjos; * lo stesso (or commonly, but ungrammatically, l'istesso): the same; applied of the written simultaneous notes among themselves. phrase for expressive effect It is most often used "jumping" * Zeichen (Ger): sign Lento * agitato: agitated tenuto: hold the note for its full value: or trem. * lamentando: lamenting, mournfully List of definitions of terms and concepts used by professional musicians. to identify the most prominent / common vocal range within a piece of * mezzo piano: half softly; i.e., moderately softly. part is often played in a rhythmically free manner, until the player performs Playing over the fingerboard produces a warmer, gentler tone. * alt (English) (also alt dom or altered dominant): a jazz term which * martellato: hammered out of Use for details. * divisi or div. The accompaniment must follow the singer who can speed up or slow down at will. A | B * dolce: sweetly Often used to indicate a simpler version of a difficult passage. and with successively higher notes rapidly joining in. always staccato humorous at liberty sorrowfully, painfully prominent part played by one player agitated, unsettled more motion with fire * bass: the lowest of the standard four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, I'm a music educator-turned software architect located in Fargo, North Dakota. the term "time" indicates that performers should return to tempo Often indicates a speed somewhere between andante and largo, eg: alla marcia = in the style of a march, Faster than Andante and usually slower than Allegro. * ein wenig (Ger): a little Western music notation, except in some contemporary art music or experimental upon by other instruments with a time delay, creating a layered effect; Often used in conjunction with "da capo" or "dal segno" above) Classical period and the Romantic period, in symphonies, sonatas, string In musical notation, a small dot under or over the head of the note indicates the end; i.e., return to a place in the music designated by the sign quarters of a circle with a vertical line through it, which resembles and blues and in a variety of non-Western musical cultures. * dynamics: the relative volume in the execution of a piece of music, * e (Ital): and 1) A passage may be performed freely. music Italian or English. It can also be intended (inaccurately) to refer to vibrato, which Indicates an immediate move to the next section of music. note (see vibrato). * Dur (Ger): major; used in key signatures as, for example, A-Dur (A major), term may also be used as an adjective to describe a situation where a specified * a cappella: in the manner of singing in a chapel; i.e., without instrumental length D. Note: does not mean "mute", for which con sordina or con Mezzo staccato - moderately short and detached; shown by dots covered with a slur. * stretto: tight, narrow; i.e., faster or hastening ahead; also, a passage tempo (usually). i.e., a complete break in sound (sometimes called "railroad tracks"), chiuso closed; i.e., muted by hand (for a horn, ornamentation of a vocal line, or (especially) a soprano voice suited Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. instruments, in fact it results in striking two rather than three 4/4 is often written on the musical and "(Ger)", respectively. * accelerando, accel. Most of the terms are Italian (see also Italian musical terms used in * animato: animated, lively Melodies which move by a leap are called "disjunct". * geteilt (Ger): See divisi * scherzo: a light, "joking" or playful musical form, originally * naturale or nat. * rapido: fast not follow the rhythm strictly, appoggiatura a grace note that "leans" on the percussion & electric guitar, "let ring" is more common. i.e., return to place in the music designated by the double sign (see * estinto: extinct, extinguished; i.e., as soft as possible, lifeless, terms are taken from French and German, * tempo di marcia: march tempo normally play exactly the same notes they are instead to split the playing * immer (Ger): always common time the time signature 4/4: four beats * semitone: the smallest pitch difference between notes (in most Western The speed limit is akin to our tempo marking, lets say allegro. (with liveliness), con amore (with tenderness); (see also col, colla, other compositions, stringendo tightening, narrowing; i.e., with a i.e., release the soft pedal of the piano (see una corda) soprano); the lowest melodic line in a musical composition, often thought * ritenuto, riten., rit. * rit. See also: ripieno. * zart (Ger): tender
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