parosmia treatment at home

2023 Jan-Feb;44(1):103667. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103667. "Smell training" could help treat certain smell disorders, suggests a study published online Nov. 19, 2020, by the journal The Laryngoscope. (Parosmia is quantified in 3 degrees (01 point) with these factors: frequency of occurrence: daily=1 point, otherwise=0 points, intensity: very strong=1 point, otherwise=0 points, social effects (e.g., weight loss, significant change of habits): yes=1 point, no=0 points. Chem Biol. There is no pill that you can take or inhaler that you can breathe in to make parosmia to go away. Jefferson Health Makes Strides in Treating Loss of Smell Quebec in fragile situation as province faces 6th COVID-19 wave: top doctor. PAROSMIA TREATMENT Audrey-Anne avoids going to restaurants, as she says she has no idea which new foods may trigger her parosmia. The current study will be a pilot study for a randomized controlled trial conducted on 60 patients recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Menoufia Faculty of Medicine after approval of the institutional review board and taking informed written consent from every patient before participation in the study. Researchers say loss of smell, taste from COVID-19 could affect appetite, mental health, Quebec in fragile situation as province faces 6th COVID-19 wave: top doctor, A family divided When parents, kids disagree on COVID-19 vaccines. The next morning when I went to eat a protein bar, it tasted like burnt hair and death. Parosmia To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. Epub 2022 Oct 17. (Clinical Trial), The statistician will be blinded to the patient's group, The Potential Therapeutic Effect of Vitamin D Nasal Drops in the Treatment of Post COVID-19 Parosmia, 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult), Ahmad Mahmoud Hamdan, Principle Investigator, Menoufia University. [6] Common triggers in COVID-19 related parosmia include coffee, chocolate, meat, onion and toothpaste. Treatment Erratum In: Chem Senses. We have to ask people, Have you noticed that your sense of smell has changed? Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021;73:17. TDI scores of the treatment group between 0 and 9months. Other times, dysosmia treatment depends on the underlying cause. Mokave tobiuteria rcznie robiona, biuteria artystyczna. 2023 Mar 28:1455613231168487. doi: 10.1177/01455613231168487. Accessibility For example, your healthcare provider may surgically remove nasal polyps or prescribe antibiotics for a sinus infection. Certain foods over the last few months have been more tolerable, but I chalked it up to just being used to it not being good, and just powering through. Epub 2021 Dec 13. But it took us a while to understand that with the original variants, so well see how this develops with the Omicron variants.. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjad002. COVID: a distorted sense of smell is dangerous but treatable 2023 Jan;37(1):95-101. doi: 10.1177/19458924221120117. Parosmia ", Kids under 5 still without an approved COVID-19 vaccine. Underlying systemic diseases (like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or autoimmune diseases). WebHow is parosmia treated? The training was applied for 5minutes twice a day. All of these children were more than 11 years old. Smell and taste disturbance in COVID19 patients: a prospective multicenteric review. She says she never lost weight because of her parosmia, but Olivier says he did initially before gaining it back. Qualitative Olfactory Dysfunction and COVID-19: An Evidence-Based Review with Recommendations for the Clinician. Patients of the study will be assessed before and at the end of the treatment protocol with history taking to define the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Assessment of odor hedonic perception: the Sniffin' sticks parosmia test (SSParoT). However, there is a Keywords provided by Ahmad Mahmoud Hamdan, Menoufia University: Why Should I Register and Submit Results? 2014 Jul 2;5:244. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00244. Epub 2020 Apr 15. Zinc and vitamin supplements have been known to be effective treatment methods if there Seventeen-year-old Olivier remembers his first sign that his senses were changing was while he was eating ramen, which he describes as having a chemical taste. There are minimal changes between 0 and 6months, however; changes in parosmia score between 6 and 9months are more evident. The teens mother, Marie-Eve Naud, is one of the Canadian parents desperate for guidance on how to help their children with the condition. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. The specialist and family doctor suggested using a cortisone nasal spray (in case they had inflammation in their nasal passages), smelling essential oils and trying to eat small bites of food, even though they taste horrible. Getting their consent can be complicated, he says, and hes been contacted more frequently about adult cases. Parosmia is a potential symptom of long-haul COVID-19. Its believed to develop from damage that occurs to the tissues involved in smell during infection with the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Generally speaking, parosmia can go away with time. However, this may take weeks or months. ul. Patients having a history of COVID 19 infection more than three months ago as confirmed by PCR test. TDI scores of treatment and control groups between 0 and 9months. When she cooks onions, which bring on Audrey-Annes parosmia, she separates these veggies from the main dish so she can serve the meal to her daughter without them. It can also be caused by aging, trauma, temporal lobe seizures, inflamed sinuses, brain Are there odours that you used to like that now are different than before? The Control group will receive a 4 weeks course of local steroids in the form of budesonide (64 g per puff in a dose of 1 puff for each nostril twice daily. 8600 Rockville Pike Valproic acid. Some experts believe that smell retraining therapy (SRT) may help. Are there odours that everybody else likes but not you?. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Intranasal administration of vitamin D attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption through endogenous upregulation of osteopontin and activation of CD44/P-gp glycosylation signaling after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Luckily, she recovered well at home with rest and paracetamol but it wasnt the end. The degree of parosmia will be assessed using a visual analog scale before and four weeks after treatment. Treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis is well developed and effective. 2022 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc. Planning of the modified olfactory training method: Olfactory training consisted of smelling of, Changes in parosmia scores at 0, 3, 6, and 9 months for each, TDI scores of treatment and control groups between 0 and 9 months. Research is ongoing, but studies suggest that these drugs may help restore your sense of smell: Phenytoin. Group for the discussion of parosmia - Distortions of the sense of smell. There are few commercially available smell kits, but NeilMed Pharmaceuticals is debuting one in the U.S. and the company says its working on having it registered for sale in Canada. Both children say the scent of cooked meat is a huge trigger, which experts say is common among parosmia patients. Parosmia is a condition where a persons sense of smell no longer works correctly. Ever since, dinners at their Quebec City home have never been the same. Am J Rhinol Allergy. Read more: This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Then I smelled again and it was gone. Epub 2021 Dec 13. Scan this QR code to download the app now. Its all they can stand the few foods that they can stomach after contracting COVID-19. There may be some genetic component to it, which would explain it, but this is complete speculation., Read more: Parosmia But most people with phantosmia tend to detect bad smells. #parosmia #parosmiapostcovid #parosmiaawareness #fooddance. 2020 Oct 9;45(7):609-622. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa041. Not really anything. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The .gov means its official. Saline irrigation. Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: Comparison between the pre and post treatment values [TimeFrame:After one month of treatment], Comparison between case and control groups regarding the post treatment results [TimeFrame:After one month of treatment], Assessment of the side effects of Ivermectin nasal drops [TimeFrame:After one month of treatment]. After Marie-Eve reached out to Frasnelli for help, she says he sent some websites with information and because he doesnt practise on patients, he told her to consult an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist. PMC Olfactory Training Impacts Olfactory Dysfunction Induced by COVID-19: A Pilot Study. This is who gave the teens their parosmia diagnosis. When everything is mixed, you pour the solution through your nasal cavities. Parents should recognize its better for the child to eat something rather than nothing, Kelly says. 2019 Mar;11(2):267-279. doi: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.2.267. The smell of home-cooked meals that permeates their house and once brought the family together has kept them apart. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. Brief Summary: The current study will be a pilot study for a randomized controlled trial conducted on patients recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Menoufia Faculty of Medicine To evaluate the effect of vitamin D nasal drops in the treatment of post COVID 19 parosmia. Planning of the modified olfactory training method: Olfactory training consisted of smelling of the scents for 10seconds alternately by leaving 10second intervals between different scents. Polityka prywatnoci zawiera pen informacj na temat przetwarzania danych przez administratora wraz z prawami przysugujcymi osobie, ktrej dane dotycz. Gary JB, Gallagher L, Joseph PV, Reed D, Gudis DA, Overdevest JB. Parosmia, with resulting food aversion, can be avoided by using a nose clip to decrease nasal airflow and odor detection. There are a variety of different treatment options for parosmia. [2] It is hypothesized that URTIs can result in parosmia because of damage to olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, "Distorted odorant perception - Analysis of a series of 56 patients with parosmia", "Distorted, Bizarre Food Smells Haunt Covid Survivors", "A local steroid injection method for olfactory loss due to upper respiratory infection", "Covid-19 smell loss 'made meat taste like petrol', "Scientists identify 'trigger molecule' for Covid-related changes to smell", "Parosmia and hyposmia induced by solvent exposure", "Sniffin'Sticks: a new olfactory test battery", "Signs and symptoms, etiologies and clinical course of parosmia + in a series of 84 patients", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parosmia&oldid=1142915040, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, inability to properly identify an odor's "natural" smell, This page was last edited on 5 March 2023, at 00:40. Disclaimer. Careers. Experts say its even more unusual to see this phenomenon in relatives. While there have been several published papers on SGB and PTSD, among other conditions, there have been no reliable studies on its usefulness for parosmia, aside from some case reports. AbScent describes it as sniffing the same few scents every day, and Frasnelli says to do this for several weeks or longer. Learn what parosmia is, what treatments are most effective, and lifestyle Possible treatment options include: 7 Observation: About one-third of individuals with phantosmia will experience symptom improvement over time. Visit. It's not known exactly why COVID-19 leads to parosmia. The summary score represents the degree of the disorder.) Researchers say young people with the condition have varying stories. What Is Parosmia? - Weird Smell and Taste After COVID-19, Unfortunately, this is where parosmia gets tricky. For the most part, there is no cure for parosmia. There is no pill that you can take or inhaler that you can breathe in to make parosmia to go away. However, there is a little bit of hope. Parosmia can fade and even disappear when the initial cause of parosmia is eliminated. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. Physical damage to this area would alter how the area processes information in a variety of ways, but there are also diseases that can alter how this area works. Epub 2022 Dec 16. WebIn many cases, dysosmia spontaneously goes away on its own. Northeast Ohio 216.444.8500. Condition or disease. You have reached the maximum number of saved studies (100). So fast forward to about 2 weeks ago, I went to Target and like I always do, I swung through the body wash isle and they had it, and when I smelled it, for a split second it smelled normal! A 2019 photo of Marie-Eves family: Xavier (bottom left), Olivier (top left), Sbastien (top right), Marie-Eve (bottom right) and Audrey-Anne. Methods: Frasnelli continues to study parosmia but says hes excluding minors. She says her stomach turns and she feels nauseated as they eat their homemade food because the scents are so unbearable, so Audrey-Anne feels she has no choice but to leave. WebBehavioral training similar to treatment of phobia/biofeedback has been the most productive. Laryngoscope. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Parosmia Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com One method used to diagnose parosmia is the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). His sister says she discovered something was off when she tasted something metallic in green vegetables, which her parents said tasted good. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021;278:21872191. Ear Nose Throat J. Symptoms of most patients afflicted with parosmia decrease over time. Would you like email updates of new search results? Hey Everyone! Mam prawo dostpu do treci swoich danych i ich sprostowania, usunicia, ograniczenia przetwarzania, oraz prawo do przenoszenia danych na zasadach zawartych w polityce prywatnoci sklepu internetowego. Dane osobowe w sklepie internetowym przetwarzane s zgodnie z polityk prywatnoci. [9] Parosmia is sometimes associated with Parkinson's disease. WebParosmia Progress! This would also lead to parosmia. Vaira LA, De Riu G, Salzano G, Maglitto F, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Lechien JR. Am J Otolaryngol. and transmitted securely. How Long Does Parosmia Last After COVID-19? - GoodRx Before Condition impacting taste becoming more common, WATCH: Condition impacting smell and taste becoming more common May 11, 2022. Products Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. As of right now, there is no cure for parosmia. WebPAROSMIA TREATMENT | 100% EFFECTIVE | OLFACTORY TRAINING | WATCH NOW & TREAT YOURSELF | Dr. Shivam Raj ChauhanParosmia kya ha? Pretty much everything else smells like trash. See also Phantosmia, perceiving smells not objectively present References ^ Bonfils, P; P Avan; P Faulcon; D Malinvaud (Feb 2005). training can help fix distortions caused by viruses National Library of Medicine One of his challenges is trying to figure out why certain scents bother patients more than others. GREENVILLE, N.C. (WNCT) There is still lots of research to be done on the rotten-smelling aftermath of COVID-19 called parosmia. Early on I noticed that no matter what body wash I lined up, it all smelled like nasty chemicals. Parosmia The caption reads, Have you heard of this?? Sekine R, Menzel S, Hhner A, Mori E, Hummel T. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. Conclusion: This study has shown that modified olfactory training is effective in the treatment of parosmia following COVID-19 infection. In my line of work I deal with ENT's pretty much every day, and I can't wait to tell them of my progress next week! Laryngoscope. Serum vitamin D level is associated with smell dysfunction independently of aeroallergen sensitization, nasal obstruction, and the presence of allergic rhinitis in children. Although there are instances of parosmia affecting patients for years, this is certainly not the majority of cases. Mokave totake rcznie robiona biuteria lubna iZarczynowa. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. certain smells, specifically coffees, cigarettes, onions, and perfumes, induced a "nauseating" odor for the patient, which was artificial and unrelated to a known smell. nce it ran out I had trouble finding it, so I just used other things that my wife approved of. -. Individuals have to avoid some scents that can trigger it and also avoid eating certain food items. AbScent update on stellate ganglion block as a potential Primary outcome measures will include a comparison between the pre and post treatment values of visual analog scales of parosmia, and a comparison between case and control groups regarding the post treatment results whether no improvement, partial improvement, or complete improvement. 2023 Jan;280(1):469-472. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07574-6. Sip water or sugar-free drinks or suck ice chips throughout the day to moisten your mouth, and drink water during meals to aid chewing and swallowing. You just cant force that.. -, Saussez S, Lechien JR, Hopkins C. Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID19 and what questions remain to be answered. Treatment for phantosmia varies depending on the underlying cause. Audrey-Anne says some of her menu mainstays are toast, oatmeal, yogurt and fruits. A total of 75 participants were included in the study (mean age 33 years, range 16-60 years). He says he forgets what some odours smelled like before he developed the condition. #parosmia, and in the video posted last year, Zibetti explains she uses a nose clip to eat meals to help suppress the terrible smells. Inhaled lidocaine can work for those who are severely affected (anosmia may be preferable) but risks of long term therapy are unknown and there Shin YH, Ha EK, Kim JH, Yon DK, Lee SW, Sim HJ, Sung M, Jee HM, Han MY. How to Treat Altered Sense of Smell After COVID-19 Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. WebParosmia definition, a disorder of the sense of smell, especially the perception of odors that are not present. Dry mouth - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic I would take their place if I could, Marie-Eve says tearfully. A 2017 study found vitamin A drops to be effective, but as AbScent notes, researchers need to look into this method more. I assume that if I am making progress, I am healing, and it's not permanent? The Asselins visited their family doctor to see what they could do to alleviate their symptoms, but Audrey-Anne says all he knew was that it was likely a symptom of long COVID. Keeping a diary and continuing to try things periodicallysuch as a Frasnelli says he sees more people with parosmia from the first few waves of COVID-19 than the later ones. [10] These techniques can help deduce whether a specific case of parosmia can be attributed to just one stimulating odor or if there is a group of odors that will elicit the displaced smell. Dysosmia (Disordered Smell Perception): Definition In many cases, dysosmia spontaneously goes away on its own. 2021 Jan;32(1):116-123. doi: 10.1111/pai.13341. Assessment of postviral qualitative olfactory dysfunction using the short SSParoT in patients with and without parosmia. How does vanilla smell when youre healthy? This study has shown that modified olfactory training is effective in the treatment of parosmia following COVID-19 infection. Bookshelf Common causes include colds, allergies, nasal polyps and dental issues. WebMD Dysosmia (Disordered Smell Perception): Definition & Causes D =, TDI scores of the treatment group between 0 and 9 months. Secondary outcome measures will include assessment of the side effects of Ivermectin nasal drops among the case group. Comparison between the pre and post-treatment values of visual analog scale values for post-COVD-19 parosmia. Thats such an individual thing, he says. There are much fewer people who complain about the sense of smell. Theres a lot of training and a lot of education to do. [3] The condition was rare and little-researched until it became relatively more widespread since 2020 as a side effect of COVID-19. The Asselins tried all of this, but neither sibling has felt improvements. What Is Parosmia? - WebMD Then everything came back for about 3 weeks, then the first thing I noticed was alcohol-based hand sanitizer smelled.kind of nasty. [2] There can also be rare instances of a pleasant odor called euosmia. Parosmia Definition & Meaning | Merriam-Webster Medical For Olivier describes food they used to eat regularly as now having a tinny, revolting odour similar to the bottom of a garbage bin.. Epub 2014 Feb 13. Sowerby and Frasnelli say the condition is actually a symptom of regeneration in the body and can be the first sign of recovery. Kolekcja Symbols toukon wstron pierwotnej symboliki ijej znaczenia dla czowieka. Audrey-Anne can attest to those findings she briefly lost her sense of smell and taste before getting them back, then she experienced parosmia months later. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection often causes olfactory dysfunction and parosmia may occur in some patients with olfactory dysfunction. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. He also suggests doing a type of olfactory therapy called smell training, which is basically a workout for your nose that can help retrain your sense of smell. It doesnt work for everybody, but it works better than not doing anything.. 2023 Jan 1;48:bjad002. Making small lifestyle moderations can also help in coping up with parosmia. They both didn't smell good. Then everything came back for about 3 weeks, then the first thing I noticed was alcohol-based hand sanitizer smelled.kind of nasty. Its very interesting to see that theres two family members with the same symptoms, which is not something that is commonly seen, says Dr. Johannes Frasnelli, an anatomy professor at Universit du Qubec Trois-Rivires. It becomes more prevalent with time, says Frasnelli, whos also a researcher at Sacr-Cur hospital in Montreal. The kit may hit the shelves here as early as June, and people of all ages can use it. In humans, the olfactory bulb is located on the inferior side of the brain. This, in turn, leads to the signal triggering a different smell than the stimulating odor, and thus the patient cannot sync the input and output odors. For the most part, there is no cure for parosmia. 3 Laryngoscope, 132:1433-1438, 2022. Parosmia had been considered a black box, says Kelly, a parosmia patient herself. WebExtending the treatment from 6 to 9 months in the treatment group was found to be effective in mitigating parosmia complaints and improving discrimination scores (P < .001). Audrey-Anne says meat often smells like mould. D=discrimination;I=identification; T=thresholds. Didn't matter the scent, it smelled the same way. This rose to more than 50 per cent at 11 months. Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Liu DT, Welge-Lssen A, Besser G, Mueller CA, Renner B. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 22;10(1):18019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74967-0. Gong W, Feng Y, Yan P, Li S, Yu C, Zhou X, Xu F, Zhang D, Ren X, Zhou J, Jiang Y. Chem Senses. -, Bhatta S, Sharma D, Sharma S, et al. Researchers say loss of smell, taste from COVID-19 could affect appetite, mental health. If you lost your sense of smell due to allergies or sinus congestion, a saltwater Is human composting the next frontier in death care? An official website of the United States government. Phantosmia: What causes olfactory hallucinations? - Mayo Clinic Zachcamy do zapoznania si z polityk przed wyraeniem zgody. Parosmia can make things that smell nice (like a fresh cup of coffee) smell not so nice (like garbage). D=discrimination; I=identification; T=thresholds. [7] Exposure to harmful solvents has also been linked to parosmia, specifically by damaging ORNs. Well I ran to Target tonight to grab some stuff, did my ritual and BOOM, it's about 90% normal! Parosmia After Covid-19: Expert Tells Ways To Recover - On COVID-19 vaccine for kids 6 months to 5 years could be available by end of summer in B.C. Saussez S, Vaira LA, De Riu G, Lechien JR. Pathogens. With Jonathan Graff-Radford, M.D. 2017 Jul;37(7):2555-2566. doi: 10.1177/0271678X16671147. 2) Control group consisted of parosmia patients who did not perform any olfactory training. Please read our Commenting Policy first. Medical examination including MRI did not reveal any abnormalities; however the parosmia in this case was degenerative, getting worse in time. Treating Parosmia after COVID 19 infection at home using essential oils and other products available at home. TDI scores of the control group between 0 and 9months. [citation needed]. Smell training is currently the best option, Frasnelli says. The silver lining for all patients with olfactory loss is theres so much attention and awareness in rehabilitation that wasnt there before, says Dr. Leigh Sowerby, an associate professor in the department of otolaryngology head and neck surgery at Ontarios Western University. Although the specific pathway is undetermined, the lack of dopamine has resulted in documented cases of parosmia and phantosmia. Treatment NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program, Rocke J, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Kumar N. Is loss of sense of smell a diagnostic marker in COVID19: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Long-COVID Sufferers Are Flocking to a Texas Clinic to Surowe iorganiczne formy naszej biuterii kryj wsobie znaczenia, ktre pomog Cimanifestowa unikaln energi, si iniezaleno. [8] Ever since I have tried everything to get my smell and taste back to normal. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 2021 Mar;131(3):618-623. doi: 10.1002/lary.29277. In another case study cited in the same paper, a woman had parosmia in one nostril but not the other. Szybki kontakt z administratorem: [email protected]. Opened the peanut butter, same smell. Laryngoscope. Parosmia Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: Study data will be available on request from the authors. Please remove one or more studies before adding more. The meat is the worst, she says in an interview conducted in French. This can happen after a severe respiratory infection, including COVID-19. Vaira LA, Salzano G, Deiana G, De Riu G. Anosmia and Ageusia: Common Findings in COVID-19 Patients. "Sniffin' Sticks" are another diagnostic method. Problems are less prevalent, he says. The patients will receive two drops per nostril twice daily. Parma V, Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Niv MY, Kelly CE, Bakke AJ, Cooper KW, Bouysset C, Pirastu N, Dibattista M, Kaur R, Liuzza MT, Pepino MY, Schopf V, Pereda-Loth V, Olsson SB, Gerkin RC, Rohlfs Dominguez P, Albayay J, Farruggia MC, Bhutani S, Fjaeldstad AW, Kumar R, Menini A, Bensafi M, Sandell M, Konstantinidis I, Di Pizio A, Genovese F, Ozturk L, Thomas-Danguin T, Frasnelli J, Boesveldt S, Saatci O, Saraiva LR, Lin C, Golebiowski J, Hwang LD, Ozdener MH, Guardia MD, Laudamiel C, Ritchie M, Havlicek J, Pierron D, Roura E, Navarro M, Nolden AA, Lim J, Whitcroft KL, Colquitt LR, Ferdenzi C, Brindha EV, Altundag A, Macchi A, Nunez-Parra A, Patel ZM, Fiorucci S, Philpott CM, Smith BC, Lundstrom JN, Mucignat C, Parker JK, van den Brink M, Schmuker M, Fischmeister FPS, Heinbockel T, Shields VDC, Faraji F, Santamaria E, Fredborg WEA, Morini G, Olofsson JK, Jalessi M, Karni N, D'Errico A, Alizadeh R, Pellegrino R, Meyer P, Huart C, Chen B, Soler GM, Alwashahi MK, Welge-Lussen A, Freiherr J, de Groot JHB, Klein H, Okamoto M, Singh PB, Hsieh JW; GCCR Group Author; Reed DR, Hummel T, Munger SD, Hayes JE.