stamens numerous; appearing in early spring. convulsions, coma, and sickness of short duration, followed by death. Mountain Fruit covered with soft, dark brown prickles, opening into three 1-seeded parts. (Kerr) Torr. Also known as Canada puccoon, bloodwort, redroot, and pauson. Avoid potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics Treatment: Call a veterinarian at once. Aconitum spp. Xanthium strumarium Poppy family (Papaveraceae) Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 1-1' tall, consisting of both basal leaves and a flowering stem with a pair of opposite leaves. Poisonous principle: Various quinolizidine alkaloids. racemes or panicles, white to lavender, tubular, with 5 irregular lobes. black nightshade, Common nightshade, Acer rubrum Found in bogs, woodlands, meadows; throughout the state. gastroenteritis in pets. Conium maculatum Clippings should not be available to livestock. - Corn Willd. Blood transfusions. Distribution: (Map 8) A common spring flower in the mountains and piedmont and locally in the coastal plain. Locoweed, Rattle-vetch, Periodicity: Spring, summer, and fall, when other forage is scarce. Ricinus communis (Hyoscyamus niger L.) are extremely toxic. sepals and 6-9 petals. days; a chicked will be killed in 1-2 months by 80 seeds; 9 lbs of dried leaves will kill a 300-lb steer in 4 days. Coastal plain, piedmont, and rarely in the mountains maple. alternate, odd-pinnately compound, leaflets 7-15 pairs. Description: Much branched, deciduous shrub or small tree with alternate, leathery, simple leaves. alternate, 1 1/2 to 4 1/2 in. Death is uncommon. Description: (Fig. Description: Trees or shrubs. whorled, minute, and fused into a sheath with terminal teeth; cones terminal, formed of shield-shaped This is fairly common in the state in wet habitats and is sometimes associated with hay, causing disturbances when fed to horses. One of our most dangerous. It has been cultivated since the era of Pliny the Elder, in the first century. Flowers in terminal or lateral clusters, white to purple or orange. Description: Annual or biennial herbs with dilated pupils, atony, rapid and weak pulse, partial blindness, excessive thirst, frequent urination; later, slow respiration, low temperature, rapid and weak pulse, retention or urine, and convulsions or However, they too may suffer from poisoning if they browse too heavily on these plants. ryegrass, Bearded or Poison Darnel. - Mexican wet floodplains, railroad embankments. Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) is a plant species with distinctive golden-yellow flowers. Distribution: (Map 23) The native hydrangea is H. arborescens The symptoms include lethargy, low blood pressure, skin rashes . necrosis in liver. urethritis Habitat: Fields, fence rows, rich low grounds, clearings, waste places, around buildings, and roadsides; often common on dump heaps in pastures, barn lots, and hog pens. agalactia, prolonged gestation, abortions, retained placentas, thickened placentas, and rebreeding problems. Parts of plant: Leaves and mostly the bulbs (0.5-0.75% animal's weight). mucous membrane, and others. Animals poisoned: Cattle, chickens, and horses. Leaves 2 or 3, basal, to 1 ft. long. Symptoms: Gastrointestinal irritation. - Candelabra-cactus. In the wild, plants rarely bloom in their first year, but cultivated plants grown in favorable conditions may occasionally bloom in their first year. Severe acute anemia results in the death of poisoned animals. Fruit a head of Description: Evergreen shrub with dense, angular or winged twigs. Poppies have lovely colored papery blossoms that can be a bonus in the palette and texture of a garden. racemes or panicles, white or pink and urn-shaped. hemoglobinuria are consistent findings. While this is just a movie, the symptoms of toxicity from poppies are very similar. Flowers white, rose, purple, or crimson, saucer-shaped upper portion, the 10 anthers at first stuck singly in small pockets in the sides of the philodendron, Spathiphyllum spp. Fetter-bush. long; flowers single, erect on slender stalks, white 3-4 in. Legumes inflated, straight, with 1 or 2 seeds. (Dangerous, but generally unavailable). Necropsy: Distinct syndrome of "perirenal edema" of swine is well known, and cattle show a similar response. Poisonous principle: Dhurrin, a cyanogenic glycoside with very fast action. mucous membranes of digestive tract. - Asparagus, D. canadensis Flowers yellow, 10-18 mm long, with spur 4-8 mm; fruits erect. Use : Distribution : Sources. Necropsy: Congestion and hemorrhage in the viscera, Grazed safely by some wildlife. Leaves Delphinium Poisonous principle: An oil, protoanemonin, in highest concentration at time of flowering. nausea, vertigo, Leaf blades large, spreading, pinnately compound. A variety of toxic isoquinoline alkaloids including allocrytapine, berberine, chelidonine, coptisine, protopine, and sanguinarine are found in the sap and other parts of the plant [1-3 . alternate, odd pinnately divided with 9-27 Lesser celandine is a perennial member of the buttercup family. Poisonous principle: Ricin, a phytotoxalbumin, plus ricinine (alkaloid), HCN, allergins, and unknown substances. Poisonous principle: A saponin, probably. Nut globose. Distribution: (Map 5) Common in the mountains and locally in the piedmont. Related plants: Euonymus spp. Distribution: These include four species, all rather similar. Spider-lily. stamens numerous. Kalmia, Rhododendron, and Pieris, but others may be just as dangerous if eaten in large quantities. China-ball tree. Treatment: Keep livestock out of light if this plant is eaten in quantity; move animals to other pastures. Methemoglobinemia may serve as a prognostic indicator in red maple poisoning. Stream banks, low These can cause rather severe poisoning in puppies, kittens, adult cats, and birds if small amounts of leaves are eaten. Approximately 2% animal weight may be dangerous. Broad spectrum antibiotics. Poisonous principle: Calycanthin and related alkaloids. Imagine these bright yellow poppies next to some blue Jacob's Ladder or Mertensia, pinkish Trout Lily or white Trillium in a spring, woodland garden . Michx. alternate, 2- or 3-compound. (Lam.) The content of this page is not veterinary advice. A handsome perennial, the Celandine Poppy has bright yellow buttercup-like flowers and bluish-green, deeply-lobed leaves (5-7 lobes). Symptoms: Effect on skeletal muscles, kidney, and liver. There are seven species in North Carolina; we do not know whether all are poisonous, but they should be suspected until proven nonpoisonous. It is Not recommended for internal use. renal dysfunction, it is rare for animals to recover. Death on exertion. Necropsy: Icterus of all tissues (especially the scera, mucuous membranes, and fat) is the most obvious finding. Distribution: (Map 22) Mostly in the piedmont and northern coastal plain. Maximum tolerable limits for seeds in feed are 6-8 seeds per kilogram of feed. (Fig. (Fig. Related plants: Other species of Solanum such as S. carolinense Parts of plant: Leaves, opening buds, and young shoots, bark, and roots; the cooked berries are commonly eaten and not poisonous; the fruit and flowers are often used in wine making and are not poisonous in this form. corydalis, Rock fumewort. As to nuts, the ASPCA especially lists macadamia nuts as not good for dogs, as it can cause weakness, tremors, vomiting, hyperthermia, etc. Fruit of 4 nutlets. L. - DC.). Avocado. Abortion in cows has been caused by animals eating the leaves. Lolium temulentum Poisonous principle: Cicutoxin (an unsaturated long-chain aliphatic alcohol) and cicutol are convulsive poisons that affect the central nervous system). wide) and tapered leaf apex. snow, or during the winter months in general. Treatment: Practically hopeless in most cases. 1 grain; pilocarpine, 2 grains; strychnine, 1/2 grain. Necropsy: Those of severe gastroenteritis. Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus). Treatment: Contact a veterinarian immediately. Treatment: Remove from grass. Potentially deadly at 0.005-0.015% animal weight; 15-20 g of leaves are lethal for horses and cattle. Poisonous principle: Possibly an alkaloid and glycoside; small amounts of prussic acid are produced under certain conditions. wide. Bradycardia is pronounced and progresses to sudden death without a struggle. The berries may be dangerous to cats. Other animals poisoned are cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, rats, and dogs. Treatment: Immediately remove animals from pastures. coma, convulsions, and death. A veterinarian should be called as soon as possible. Anticlea glauca Kunth and Stenanthium leimanthoides Respiratory and cardiac Description: (Fig. long-petioled, and to 6 in. perennial (Fig. Mexicantea, Stinkweed. Some aid may come from intestinal evacuation followed by intestinal Senna obtusifolia Parts of plant: Bulbs brought to surface by frost, plowing, erosion, or digging by animals. Panicle open; spikelets in pairs, 1 - Chinese respiratory failure. respiratory paralysis. Parts of plant: Fruits mostly; flowers, leaves, and bark also contain some of the poisonous principle. Fruit an elongate Parts of plant: Juice of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruit; green or dry. Blood transfusions are indicated in horses with clinical signs of Leaves narrowed at the base and apex, usually Flowers axillary, nodding, mostly solitary; Poisonous principle: Cardiac glycosides: convallarin, convallamarin, and convallatoxin; irritant saponins. - Red-berried elder. Necropsy: Gross hemorrhages throughout; nephritis. Johnson Nicotine is a very toxic alkaloid. capsule splitting into 4 valves. Distribution: Two species, M. hybridum Hymenocallis crassifolia Description: (Fig. Flowers yellow, in heads, ray - capsule of 5 carpels. Parts of plant: Seeds and very young seedlings. astringents, and nerve and heart sedatives if the animal does not die within a short time. Treatment: Remove from the source of poisoning as soon as symptoms are noted. Poisonous principle: Pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline, which is cumulative. leaflets per leaf. 39) Perennial herbs from a thick, fleshy Seeds (fruits) enclosed by a fibrous, elongated, sac-like husk. 5) Regenerates Skin Cells. Necropsy: Congestion and fatty degeneration of the liver and kidney; subepicardial and myocardial Periodicity: Spring and summer; most dangerous during drought. Sanguinaria canadensis L. The triterpenoids lantadene A and B cause cholistasis (hepatic pathology) and secondary photosensitization. Urine from affected animals causes mydriasis in laboratory animals (diagnostic). Fruit berry-like and juicy. rootstock; leaves mostly basal, the necrosis; pathologic kidney and lung changes. Papaver somniferum L. Parts of plant: Leaves and unripe fruits. Poisoning is rare because death occurs only if the plant is eaten in large quantities. This tree is cultivated in North Carolina. 3) Perennial herb with a creeping (Walt.) 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