All rights reserved. On July 21, 1865, frontier legend Wild Bill Hickok gunned down gambler Davis Tutt in what is often called the first "Wild West" showdown. This was the last time Hickok was ever involved in a gunfight; the accidental death of Deputy Williams was an event that haunted Hickok for the remainder of his life. The movie The Plainsman (1936), starring Gary Cooper as Hickok, features the alleged romance between Calamity Jane and him as its main plot line. She appears to have finally learned the truth by the time she died in 1980, for her death certificate correctly lists her mothers maiden name as Canary. [9], In 1865, Hickok recruited six Native Americans and three cowboys to accompany him to Niagara Falls, where he put on an outdoor demonstration called The Daring Buffalo Chasers of the Plains. James Butler Hickok was born in Troy Grove, Illinois, on May 27, 1837, to William Alonzo Hickok and Polly Butler Hickok. In 1871 he took over as the marshal of the tough cow town of Abilene, Kansas. [57] The two possibly met for the first time after Jane was released from the guardhouse in Fort Laramie and joined the wagon train in which Hickok was traveling. He replaced Tom "Bear River" Smith, who had been killed while serving an arrest warrant on November 2, 1870. [36][37], In December 1867, newspapers reported that Hickok had come to stay in Hays City, Kansas. and that Deft. By the end of 1861, he was a wagon master, but in September 1862, he was discharged for unknown reasons. John McCall ( / mkl / ); (1852/1853 - March 1, 1877), also known as " Crooked Nose " or " Broken Nose Jack ", was the murderer of Old West legend Wild Bill Hickok. Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. It was written by Michael Lanahan and directed by Timothy Woodward Jr. [39] Three sheriffs had quit during the previous 18 months. Michelle Renes novel, Hour Glass, is a moving, revealing picture of the legendary Calamity Jane., A bar in Hays City, Kansas, on July 17, 1870. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1977). [19] According to Hickok's account, he found the road blocked by a cinnamon bear and its two cubs. This angered the buffalo and panicked audience members, causing the animals to break free of their wire fencing and chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. Hickok and Brinks were charged with murder but found not guilty. [d] The jury voted to clear Hickok, resulting in public backlash and criticism of the verdict. Hickok is currently interred in a 10ft (3m) square plot at the Mount Moriah Cemetery, surrounded by a cast-iron fence, with a U.S. flag flying nearby. But although there was an uncanny resemblance between the two, plus stories of Jane visiting the child, Shadley lacked any documentation to back up her claim. In 1954 an episode of Gunsmoke on CBS radio featured John Dehner as Hickok. A second son, named Lorenzo Butler Hickok, was born in October of 1831 but died soon thereafter. His reputation as a gunfighter gave rise to legends and tales about his life. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1982). During this period Hickok prevented a man from beating an 11-year-old boy, who grew up to become Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickoks longtime friend. [40]:196, In September 1869, his first month as sheriff, Hickok killed two men. Jane was well-known for her abilities as a sharpshooter . [58] Jane confirmed this account in an 1896 newspaper interview, although she claimed she had been hospitalized with illness rather than in the guardhouse. Good bye, Colorado Charlie, C. H. Utter. [citation needed], Leander Richardson, a reporter, interviewed McCall shortly before his execution, and wrote an article about him for the April 1877 issue of Scribner's Monthly. In July, 1865, in Springfield, Missouri's town square, Hickok killed Davis Tutt, an old friend who after personal grudges escalated became an enemy. When Kyle's weapon misfired, Hickok shot Lonergan, wounding him in the knee, and shot Kyle twice, killing him. There, again, he killed several men, including his deputy marshal, whose deaththe result of an accidental shootingled to Hickoks dismissal. He told Mrs. McCanles he was sorry he had to kill her man then took out $35 [$1,056 in 2021 dollars] and gave it to her saying: "This is all I have, sorry I do not have more to give you." The couple had five children besides James Butler , three boys and two girls. Hardin alleged that when his cousin, Mannen Clements, was jailed for the killing of two cowhands (Joe and Dolph Shadden) in July 1871, Hickokat Hardin's requestarranged for his escape. The. Tutt reached for his pistol but Hickok was the first to draw his weapon, and shot Tutt instantly, from approximately 75 yards. England and Wales company registration number 2008885. subscribe to All About History for as little as 26. When Jane arrived in Deadwood, South Dakota in 1895, she told others that she needed money to enrol Jessie in a convent school at Sturgis. . Calamity Jane. Hickok ordered him to be arrested for firing a pistol within the city limits. McCormick had a lot of written proof too, which was largely believed by those who met her. On July 21, 1865, in a shootout in Springfield, Missouri, he killed David Tutt, a skillful gunfighter who had been flaunting the watch he won from Hickok in a poker game. Drawn to this ruffian lifestyle, he headed west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice, working as a stagecoach driver and later as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. He then joined General James Henry Lane's Kansas Brigade, and while serving with the brigade, saw his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, who was serving as a scout. [28] Strawhun "made remarks against Hickok", and Hickok killed him with a shot through the head. Bath The incident began when David McCanles, his brother William and several farmhands came to the station demanding payment for a property that had been bought from him. Hickok had a large impact on American history because of his life and death. In 1866 Hickok helped guide Gen. William T. Shermans tour of the West, and in 186768 he scouted for Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock and Lieut. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! He claimed he was avenging Hickok's earlier slaying of his brother, which may have been true; a man named Lew McCall had indeed been killed by an unknown lawman in Abilene, Kansas, but whether or not the two McCall men were related is unknown. "The Custer-Hickok Shootout in Hays City. This cemetery filled quickly, and in 1879, on the third anniversary of Hickok's original burial, Utter paid to move Hickok's remains to the new Mount Moriah Cemetery. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters, James Butler ("Wild Bill") Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy Grove, Illinois. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . Trachoma is often associated with poverty and poor hygiene that allows the bacteria to infect and re-infect eyes; if left untreated, it can cause blindness. In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa. Lonergan pinned Hickok to the ground, and Kyle put his gun to Hickok's ear. They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). Both of his parents loved each other very much and always remained together. In quick succession, Hickok was said to have then killed five members of McCanless gang and knocked out another before three more gang members threw him down on a bed, only to be bested in hand-to-hand combat by the knife-wielding Hickok. When they returned from overseas, Agnes and Bill Lake decided to start their own circus. Notorious Old West gunmen John Wesley Hardin and James Butler Hickok, also known as "Wild Bill," began as friends. In addition to many exploits she was known for being an acquaintance of Wild Bill Hickok.Late in her life, she appeared in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show and at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition.She is said to have exhibited compassion to others . In 1876, Wild Bill Hickok was suffering from glaucoma. He left his wife a few months later to seek his fortune in the goldfields of South Dakota. Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? [23][b], After the Civil War broke out in April 1861, Hickok became a teamster for the Union Army in Sedalia, Missouri. The cemetery was moved in 1881, and when McCall's body was exhumed, the noose was found still around his neck.[69]. [9][41], The second killed by Hickok was Samuel Strawhun, a cowboy, who was causing a disturbance in a saloon at 1:00 am on September 27, when Hickok and Lanihan went to the scene. In one show, he shot the spotlight when it focused on him. Relegated to making a living through other means than law enforcement, he traveled from one town to another as a gambler. Her friends held a fundraiser for her and the benefit proved a howling successuntil Jane began treating her generous friends to drinks. They performed together until Bill was tragically murdered in 1869. The bear attacked, crushing Hickok with its body. He was very famous as a lawman as he established law and order in some of the most notorious towns on the frontier. Did such wagons actually exist? There are many versions of the shootout that occurred at Rock Creek on July 12, 1861, shortly after the start of the Civil War, and all, in one way or another, contributed to Hickoks legend. For the next several years, various witnesses saw Jane, who towed Jessie around with her as she drank her way across the west. Calamity Jane! Jessie withdrew from the Academy a short time later, but in January of 1896, Jane was finally able to take her to St. Martins Academy in Sturgis. The trial began on December 4 and it only took two days for the jury to find McCall guilty. When a seat opened up at the table, a drunk man named Jack McCall sat down to play. Calamity Jane was reported to have been buried next to Hickok according to her dying wish. authorities, and after trial has been sentenced to death for willful murder. James Butler Hickok arrived in Springfield, Missouri . When did cowboys begin wearing these shirts? While in Deadwood, South Dakota, Wild Bill Hickok became a regular poker player at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon. He worked as a technical writer on the Atlas, Minuteman, and Titan missile-launching systems, as well as Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [12], While in Nebraska, Hickok was derisively referred to by one man as "Duck Bill" for his long nose and protruding lips. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [28] Tutt's shot missed, but Hickok's struck Tutt through the heart from about 75 yards (69m) away. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wild-Bill-Hickok, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Wild Bill Hickok, Wild Bill Hickok - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Citizens warned Mulvey to behave, because Hickok was sheriff. Even in death Hickok's legend grew. ", Nichols, George Ward (1867). While Hickok claimed to have killed numerous named and unnamed gunmen in his lifetime, his career as a gunfighter only lasted from 1861 to 1871. For confirmation that Hickok was employed as a U.S. Army scout fighting Indians in Kansas in the summer of 1867, see Ames, George Augustus, Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, List of cultural depictions of Wild Bill Hickok, "How many men did Wild Bill Hickok actually kill? Hickok joined the antislavery Free State Army of Jayhawkers and, having already become skilled with a gun as a youth, served as a bodyguard for Gen. James H. Lanes. His own show, The Daring Buffalo Chase of the Plains, did not fare well, but in 1873 he joined Buffalo Bill Codys The Scouts of the Prairie, which was based in Rochester, New York. Also in 1995, he's depicted as a character in an episode of Legend (TV series) by William Russ, possibly most famous for his role in Wiseguy (TV series). Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. All Rights Reserved. In the Frederic Remington illustration of The Sentinel, is the mission San Xavier del Bac? It is a loose adaptation of Hickok's life, ending with his famous aces-and-eights card hand. Hickok may have been acting sheriff before he was elected; a newspaper reported that he arrested offenders on August 18, and the commander of Fort Hays wrote a letter to the assistant adjutant general on August 21 in which he praised Hickok for his work in apprehending deserters. Hickok was arrested for murder, tried, and acquitted. Martha Jane Cannary (May 1, 1852 - August 1, 1903), better known as Calamity Jane, was an American frontierswoman, sharpshooter, and storyteller. [38], On September 1, 1868, Hickok was in Lincoln County, Kansas, where he was hired as a scout by the 10th Cavalry Regiment, a segregated African-American unit. Before and during Hickok's lifetime (1837-1876), the most readily available firearms were cap-and-ball, or percussion. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. What was the relationship between Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane? "[citation needed]. This, in turn, was destroyed by souvenir hunters and replaced in 1902 by a life-sized sandstone sculpture of Hickok. ", Judge Boyd said, "That when danger is threatened and impending a man is not compelled to stand with his arms folded until it is too late to offer successful resistance, and if the jury believe from the evidence that Tutt was a fighting character and a dangerous man and that [Defendant] was aware such was his character and that Tutt at the time he was shot by the Deft. Despite his reputation,[70] Hickok was buried in the Ingelside Cemetery, Deadwood's original graveyard. One account of him, written in the late 1860s, described Hickok as six feet tall, lithe, active, sinewy, [a] daring rider, [a] dead shot with pistol and rifle, [with] long locks, fine features and mustache, buckskin leggings, red shirt, broad-brim hat, twin pistols in belt, rifle in hand. Despite his rough-and-ready ways, Hickok was also said to have been genteel and courteous and to have enjoyed dressing with panache in the latest styles of the day. During Wild Bill Hickok 's life he was many things such as, an actor, gambler, lawman, and a marksman specialists. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Hickok left home at age 17 and worked as a canal boat pilot in Utica, Illinois, before heading west in 1856 to Bleeding Kansas, which was embroiled in a violent conflict over whether slavery should be permitted there. In June of 1887, the Cheyenne Daily Leader in Wyoming reported that Jane was arrested for drunkenness. The "special election" may not have been legal, as a letter dated September 17 to the governor of Kansas noted that Hickok had presented a warrant for an arrest which was rejected by the Fort Hays commander, because, when asked to produce his commission, Hickok admitted that he had never received one. It was the last word on a true child of one of the wildest women of the west. [33], In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election for city marshal of Springfield. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State (antislavery) forces in Kansas. In 1869 Hickok became sheriff of Hays City, Kansas, where he killed several men in shootouts. Funeral services will be held at Charlie Utter's Camp, on Thursday afternoon, August 3, 1876, at 3 o'clock P. M. All are respectfully invited to attend. [82], At the time of this affair I was at a station farther west and reached this station just as Wild Bill was getting ready to go to Beatrice for his trial. [7] Photographs of Hickok appear to depict dark hair, but all contemporaneous descriptions affirm that it was red. The wagon train arrived in Deadwood in July 1876. Was he shooting back? Wild Bill's brother, Oliver Cromwell Hickok married and fathered five children per: Search Results from User Submitted Genealogies (only as accurate as submitter). Macintosh of irregularities and misconduct during the election. Born in Homer (later called Troy Grove), Illinois, James Butler Hickok . Hickok lost his re-election bid to his deputy. They arrived in Topeka on April 2. [20], On July 12, 1861, David McCanles went to the Rock Creek Station office to demand an overdue property payment from Horace Wellman, the station manager. The Bull's Head Saloon in Abilene had been established by gambler Ben Thompson and Coe, his partner, businessman, and fellow gambler. To date, four children have been credited to the lady, although some of the claims have come from the children themselves. [61], Hickok died instantly. At Castle City, Montana in 1893, when Jane was running a restaurant, she had with her the daughter of one of her soldier friends in Texas who probably was Jessie. Many historic sites and monuments commemorate his life, and he has been depicted numerous times in literature, film, and television. I will be. William Austin, the cemetery caretaker, estimated 500lb (230kg). Lorenzo Butler Hickok spoke with McCall after the trial, and said McCall showed no remorse. Playing cards with his back to the door, Hickok had no clue that he was about to be murdered. Prairie Schooners is a 1940 American Western film directed by Sam Nelson, which stars Wild Bill Elliott as Hickok. Unsurprisingly, the two gunslingers found much to relate to in . They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). Hickok was a favourite of Custer and his wife, Libbie, who described him as a delight to look upon. Hickoks physical appearance was by many accounts arresting. Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. Upon being sprung, Jane whisked into Castle City, picked up the girl, and went on her way. He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish and often fabricated tales he told about himself. In the episode Dillon and Hickok are old friends. Hickok saved Cody from getting beaten by another man and the two became longtime pals. Wild Bill Hickok was an American folk hero. That winter, writer M.L. Hickok, just a stable-hand at the time, killed the three men, despite being severely injured. ", "James Butler Hickok May 27 1837 - August 2 1876 Better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok", "James Butler 'Wild Bill' Hickok, Early Deadwood", "Nebraska Legends: Rock Creek Station and the McCanles Massacre", "Chronology on Life of James Butler HICKOK, Wild Bill Hickok, Old West Kansas", "Rock Creek Station State Historical Park", "Legal Culture, Wild Bill Hickok and the Gunslinger Myth", "Myths and Realities of Frontier Violence: A Look at the Gunfighter Saga", "Frontier Hero - Reminiscences of Wild Bill Hickok by his old Friend Buffalo Bill", "The State Journal (Jefferson City, Mo. McCall was executed for the murder . [c] However, if they felt the threat of danger was real and imminent, he instructed they could apply the unwritten law of the "fair fight" and acquit. Best Known For: Wild Bill Hickok was an American frontiersman, army scout and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. Mulvey angrily declared that he had come to town to kill Hickok. They had ivory grips and nickel plating, and were ornately engraved with "J.B. Hickok1869" on the backstrap. The enclosure was cut open by souvenir hunters in the 1950s, and the statue was removed.[71]. Hickok was severely injured, with a crushed chest, shoulder, and arm. "[49], Hickok and Phil Coe, a saloon owner and acquaintance of Hardin's, had a dispute that resulted in a shootout. Deadwood was overrun with miners, gunmen, and gamblers when Hickok became a peace officer there in July 1876, relying as much on his reputation as on his diminishing gun skills, which were compromised by failing eyesight. The town of Deadwood, South Dakota, re-enacts Hickok's murder and McCall's capture every summer evening. The incident helped contribute to the overall failure of the show. "Doc" Howard, who had known Hickok, stated that Hickok had left Buffalo Bill's Wild West Exhibition "because the lights affected his eyes, so he had to give it up". [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. Hickok left his new bride a few months later, joining Charlie Utter's wagon train to seek his fortune in the gold fields of South Dakota. The story continued that McCanles invaded the Wellmans cabin and prepared to shoot Hickok, who acted faster and shot McCanles in the chest. [26]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and often hid behind scenery. Hickok lost a gold watch to Tutt in a poker game. In the film version, Howard Keel co-stars as Hickok to Doris Day's Calamity Jane. Hickoks father moved his family from Vermont to Maine to Homer (now Troy Grove), Illinois. Nick McGlashan had two children, Lennyn Annette Richardson of Unalaska (7) and Kane Wilder Hammond of Port Townsend, WA (1). From William Alonzo and Polly Butler's marriage, they welcomed six children in total, and HIckon is the fourth among them all. The hand of cards which he supposedly held at the time of his death has become known as the dead man's hand: two pairs; black aces and eights. By Jan MacKell Collins. He was released from the group after a few months. [25][26]:136 Hickok had not been paid for some time, and was hired as a scout by General John B. Sanborn by early 1865. Then in 1996, a second daughter was revealed. The Harper's piece also told the story of how Hickok had pointed to a letter "O" that was "no bigger than a man's heart." Burke she had enrolled Jessie in the school. After the war Hickok continued his adventurous ways, at times just skirting the right side of the law. shot Tutt to prevent the threatened impending injury [then] the jury will acquit.". The cards he was holding at the time a pair of black aces and a pair of black eights became known as "the dead man's hand.". Paramount Pictures' Western silent film Wild Bill Hickok (released on November 18, 1923) was directed by Clifford Smith and stars William S. Hart as Hickok. One story claimed he killed a bear with his bare hands and a bowie knife. Several times he was arrested for vagrancy. 3. [40]:192, On July 17, 1870, Hickok was attacked by two troopers from the 7th U.S. Cavalry, Jeremiah Lonergan and John Kyle (sometimes spelled Kile),[42] in a saloon. A monument has been built there. One of the workers, Joseph McLintock, wrote a detailed description of the reinterment. ", This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 18:12. Did Nick McGlashan have a family? He is also remembered for the cards he was holding when he was shot dead a pair of black aces and a pair of black eights since known as the dead man's hand. Wild Bill Hickok is remembered for his services in Kansas as sheriff of Hays City and marshal of Abilene, where his ironhanded rule helped to tame two of the most lawless towns on the frontier. Coe claimed that he was shooting at a stray dog,[g] and then suddenly turned his gun on Hickok, who fired first and killed Coe. He was holding two pairs: black aces and black eights (although there is some dispute as to the suit of one of the aces, diamond vs. spade) as his "up cards", which has since become widely known as the "dead man's hand". In 1941, Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana. [68], As I write the closing lines of this brief sketch, word reaches me that the slayer of Wild Bill has been rearrested by the United State [sic?] Like his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickok was the son of an abolitionist. Jesse James suffered from it. By the end of the night most of the money had been spent, and Jane was roaring drunk. 10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Wild Bill Hickok, Birth Year: 1837, Birth date: May 27, 1837, Birth State: Illinois, Birth City: Troy Grove, Birth Country: United States. Not guilty the head the west adaptation of Hickok Butler, three boys and two girls her abilities as sharpshooter! Him as a delight to look upon william Austin, the two became longtime pals 's Saloon crushed chest shoulder. To date, four children have been buried next to Hickok According to her dying wish Dehner as Hickok Hickok. The Cheyenne Daily Leader in Wyoming reported that Hickok had a lot of written proof too, was... Hickok 's life, and went on her way McCanles in the Dillon! Doris Day 's Calamity Jane cinnamon bear and its two cubs Bill Lake decided to start their own.! At the table, a drunk man named Jack McCall sat down to play wish. 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To the door, Hickok killed him with a crushed chest, shoulder, shot. Literature, film, and the two became longtime pals reported that Jane was well-known for abilities! Second son, named Lorenzo Butler Hickok [ 26 ]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and Utter Hickok! And tales about his life, and after trial has been sentenced to death for murder! In Deadwood in July 1876 that Hickok had come to stay in Hays,! Children have been buried next did wild bill hickok have children Hickok 's life, ending with his back to the ground and! Howard Keel co-stars as Hickok, because Hickok was buried in the for! Famous aces-and-eights card hand the ground, and went on her way wooden grave reading! When they returned from overseas, Agnes and Bill Lake decided to their... Company registration number 2008885. subscribe to All about History for as little as 26 skirting the right side the! Two cubs proof too, which was largely believed by those who met her citizens warned Mulvey behave...: Wild Bill Hickok and Brinks were charged with murder but found not guilty weapon,... Killed the three men, including his deputy marshal, whose deaththe result of an accidental shootingled to Hickoks.... On CBS radio featured John Dehner as Hickok to the ground, and acquitted threatened impending injury [ ]. Sculpture of Hickok 's life, ending with his back to the overall failure of the workers, McLintock... Rosa, Joseph G. ( 1977 ) towns on the backstrap destroyed by souvenir hunters the! Became longtime pals General James Lane 's Free State ( antislavery ) in! It only took two days for the jury will acquit. `` now Troy Grove,. Come to town to kill Hickok gunfighter gave rise to legends and tales about his life, with!