which of the following was a progressive era reform

With an increasing disdain for the upper class and aristocracy of the time, the middle class is characterized by their rejection of the individualistic philosophy of the Upper Ten. [154] Actions such as these from whites of the Progressive Era are some of the many that tied into the Progressive goal, as historian Michael McGerr states, "to segregate society. CORRECT:* The percentage of married women in the labor force doubled between 1900 and 1930. [33] Along these lines, the founder of Hull-House, Jane Addams, coined the term "association" as a counter to Individualism, with association referring to the search for a relationship between the classes. This disarray enabled the conservatives (called "Stalwarts") to elect Emanuel Philipp as governor in 1914. In 1860 one marriage in 800 ended in divorce; by 1900 it was one marriage in 8. He crusaded against Stalwart party bosses of the state Republican Party, and won voter approval in a referendum in 1904. [36], Robert M. La Follette, and his family, were the dominant forces of progressivism in Wisconsin from the late 1890s to the early 1940s. While white Progressives in principle believed in improving conditions for minority groups, there were wide differences in how this was to be achieved. The growth of the railroad industry resulted in the first large corporations in the United States. [44] Though foreign affairs would unexpectedly dominate his presidency, Wilson's first two years in office largely focused on the implementation of his New Freedom domestic agenda. They craved more sexual freedom following the sexually repressive and restrictive Victorian Era. U'Ren also helped in the passage of an amendment in 1908 that gave voters power to recall elected officials, and would go on to establish, at the state level, popular election of U.S. [149] The Progressive ideology espoused by many of the era attempted to correct societal problems created by racial integration following the Civil War by segregating the races and allowing each group to achieve its own potential; most Progressives saw racial integration as a problem to be solved, rather than a goal to be achieved. As president he introduced a comprehensive program of domestic legislation. Most Northern states followed suit, with reformers proclaiming grass roots democracy. Progressive Era Reform and Amendments - Study.com [210], The Philippines were acquired by the United States in 1899, after victory over Spanish forces at the Battle of Manila Bay and a long series of controversial political debates between the senate and President McKinley and was considered the largest colonial acquisition by the United States at this time. Mainline Protestant denominations adopted the Social Gospel. The Progressive Era Key Facts", H-SHGAPE, H-Net Reviews. In 1916, federal aid was first made available to improve post-roads, and promote general commerce. [158], The Seventeenth Amendment was ratified in 1913, requiring that all senators be elected by the people (they were formerly appointed by state legislatures). helped settle hundreds of industrial disputes and encouraged improvements in factory safety and the establishment of pensions for long-term workersMatch:AFLadvocated cooperation with corporate and political leaders to achieve workers' goalsMatch:AFLadvocated a workers' revolution that would seize the means of production and abolish the stateMatch:IWW, Chapter 18: The Progressive Era, 1900-1916, Inquisitive - Chapter 18: The Progressive Era, HDFS Human Development and Interventions Test, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management. The 16th Amendment did away with apportionment and created a direct income tax based on how much money each person makes each year. [76][77], Democrats who promoted progressive policies included George Earle Chamberlain (governor 19031909 and senator 19091921); Oswald West (governor 19111915); and Harry Lane (senator 19131917). Progressive Reforms: Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson Many spent this leisure time at movie theaters. A coalition of middle class reform-oriented voters, academic experts, and reformers hostile to the political machines started forming in the 1890s and introduced a series of reforms in urban America, designed to reduce waste, inefficiency and corruption, by introducing scientific methods, compulsory education and administrative innovations. ", Joan Malczewski, "Weak state, stronger schools: Northern philanthropy and organizational Change in the Jim Crow South.". Donning the mantle of motherhood, female activists methodically investigated their community's needs and used their "maternal" expertise to lobby, create, and secure a place for themselves in an emerging state welfare bureaucracy, best illustrated perhaps by clubwoman Julia Lathrop's leadership in the Children's Bureau. Incorrect Answer(s) Progressive Era - Wikipedia His majority opinion in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad v. Interstate Commerce Commission upheld the right of the federal government to regulate the hours of railroad workers. Middle School US History: Tutoring Solution, The American Progressive Era: Tutoring Solution, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Limitations and End of the Progressive Movement, First Contacts in the Americas: Tutoring Solution, Settling the North American Colonies: Tutoring Solution, After the American Revolution: Tutoring Solution, The Jacksonian Democracy: Tutoring Solution, Manifest Destiny & Expansion: Tutoring Solution, Buildup to the American Civil War: Tutoring Solution, The American Civil War: Tutoring Solution, After the Civil War - Reconstruction: Tutoring Solution, The American Industrialization Era: Tutoring Solution, Theodore Roosevelt & the Progressives: Definition and Political Agenda, The Muckrakers of the Progressive Era: Definition and Influence, Work and Home Improvements of the Progressive Era, Trust Busting and Government Regulations on Economy & Industry in the Progressive Era, Progressive Politics: Definition, Reforms & Amendments, Presidential Election of 1912: Candidates, Platforms & Significance, African Americans in the Progressive Era: Issues & Leaders, Women's Suffrage & Early Feminism: Movement, 19th Amendment & Leaders, The Progressive Era: Definition & Amendments, American Imperialism & World War l: Tutoring Solution, America & the Great Depression: Tutoring Solution, America & the Second World War: Tutoring Solution, Post-War and the Cold War: Tutoring Solution, Civil Rights Movements in America: Tutoring Solution, America from 1992 to the Present: Tutoring Solution, AP European History: Homeschool Curriculum, Middle School World History: Homeschool Curriculum, CLEP Western Civilization I - Ancient Near East to 1648 Prep, DSST Western Europe Since 1945: Study Guide & Test Prep, World Conflicts Since 1900: Certificate Program, Education During the Progressive Era: Reform & Growth of Urban Education. A.nonpartisan elections B.primaries office C.block ballot D.term limits on the state legislature. A higher level of education also gained popularity. ", Paul L. Murphy, "World War I and the Origin of Civil Liberties in the United States" (1979), Arthur S. Link, "What Happened to the Progressive Movement in the 1920s?,", Stanley Coben, "Ordinary white Protestants: The KKK of the 1920s,", Barry C. Edwards, "Putting Hoover on the Map: Was the 31st President a Progressive. Johnson, Earl. 17th Amendment Overview & History | What Is the 17th Amendment? It pitted the minority urban Catholic population against the larger rural Protestant element,[227] Progressivism's rise in the rural communities was aided by the general increase in public consciousness of social issues of the temperance movement, which achieved national success with the passage of the 18th Amendment by Congress in late 1917, and the ratification by three-fourths of the states in 1919. [15][16], Magazines experienced a boost in popularity in 1900, with some attaining circulations in the hundreds of thousands of subscribers. His liberal goals were part of his commitment to American republicanism. These pamphlets from 100500 pages contain official platforms, arguments, biographies, speeches and statistics, all designed to help local party speakers. There was a concern towards working class children being taken out of school to be put straight to work. Folsom, Burton W. "Tinkerers, tipplers, and traitors: ethnicity and democratic reform in Nebraska during the Progressive era. [214], Elite Filipina women played a major role in the reform movement, especially on health issues. They preferred a constitutional amendment over a federal statute because although harder to achieve, they felt it would be harder to change. During the Progressive Era, protections for workers and consumers were strengthened, and women finally achieved the right to vote. People during that time thought the same thing and were ready to make a change. The growth of old industries and the emergence of new ones, especially railroads, transformed American society and economy. [124], With the decrease in standard working hours, urban families had more leisure time. The Progressive Era brought about important social and political reform. During the Progressive Era, one of the biggest sticking points was government corruption, and the election of senators was not immune from this. decision trees are particularly useful when. ", Arthur J. Altmeyer, "The Wisconsin Idea and Social Security. He launched a series of articles in McClure's, called Tweed Days in St. Louis,[60] that would later be published together in a book titled The Shame of the Cities. Pestritto, Ronald J., and William J. Atto, eds. Which of the following was a Progressive Era reform? - Brainly Corrupt and undemocratic political machines and their bosses were a major target, as were business monopolies which progressives worked to regulate of through methods such as trustbusting and antitrust laws, to promote equal competition for the advantage of legitimate competitors. A Civic Machinery for Democratic Expression: Jane Addams on Public Administration. Please select which sections you would like to print: Contributor to the Sage Encyclopedia of Political Theory. Edward Bellamys admiration for the discipline and self-sacrifice of the Civil War armies was reflected in his enormously popular utopian novel Looking Backward (1888). Later tax acts implemented a federal estate tax and raised the top income tax rate to 77 percent. Democratic Party Congressional Committee. Open Primaries and Representation,". Apart from Wisconsin, the Midwestern states were about average in supporting Progressive reforms. The Volstead Act, 1919, defined intoxicating as having alcohol content greater than 0.5% and established the procedures for federal enforcement of the Act. The American reformers blamed peasant resistance to landownership for the law's failure and argued that large plantations and sharecropping was the Philippines' best path to development. The states were at liberty to enforce prohibition or not, and most did not try. Correct Answer(s) Let A\mathbf{A}A and B\mathbf{B}B be 333 \times 333 matrices with A=3|\mathbf{A}|=3A=3 and B=4|\mathbf{B}|=-4B=4. They also advocated for more stringent censorship of literature and entertainment deemed morally unacceptable. Moreover, its strict moral standards often marginalized groups such as immigrants and African Americans. But both Bellamy and James expressed the core progressive commitment to moderate the American obsession with individual rights and private property, which they saw as sanctioning a dangerous commercial power inimical to individual freedom. However he strongly opposed Wilson's foreign policy, and mobilized the large German and Scandinavian elements which demanded neutrality in the World War I. W. Bruce Fye, "The Origins and Evolution of the Mayo Clinic from 1864 to 1939: A Minnesota Family Practice Becomes an International 'Medical Mecca'", Barry C. Edwards, "Putting Hoover on the Map: Was the 31st President a Progressive? Resource ID: USHM1L8 Grade Range: 9 - 12. . The 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th. ", Allen F. Davis, "Welfare, Reform and World War I. The first factors involved the La Follette family going back and forth between trying to control of the Republican Party and if frustrated trying third-party activity especially in 1924 and the 1930s. Mary Richmond and Jane Addams: From Moral Certainty to Rational Inquiry in Social Work Practice. The Progressive Era Movement was a period of increased reform and activism that brought about political and social change. According to Wendy Rouse, feminists sought to raise awareness about the sexual harassment and violence that women faced on the street, at work, and in the home. In foreign policy, he focused on Central America where he began construction of the Panama Canal. In the beginning of the age of mass media, the rapid expansion of national advertising led the cover price of popular magazines to fall sharply to about 10 cents, lessening the financial barrier to consume them. ", Michael Imber, "The First World War, sex education, and the American Social Hygiene Association's campaign against venereal disease.". Videos. Standard Oil was widely hated. [142][143] Typical projects involved upgrading schools, modernizing church operations, expanding business opportunities, fighting for a larger share of state budgets, and engaging in legal action to secure equal rights. [177], As late as 1920, half the population lived in rural areas. The 1906 federal Pure Food and Drug Act, which was pushed by drug companies and providers of medical services, removed from the market patent medicines that had never been scientifically tested. [45], Wilson presided over the passage of his progressive New Freedom domestic agenda. Taft defeated Roosevelt for the 1912 Republican nomination and Roosevelt set up an entirely new Progressive Party. Ohio took the lead in municipal reform. This idea included major reforms such as direct primaries, campaign finance, civil service, anti-lobbying laws, state income and inheritance taxes, child labor restrictions, pure food, and workmen's compensation laws. in, Nancy C. Unger, "The Political Suicide of Robert M. La Follette: Public Disaster, Private Catharsis", Nancy C. Unger, "The Political Suicide of Robert M. La Follette: Public Disaster, Private Catharsis" Psychohistory Review 21#2 (1993) pp. [192], When Democrat Woodrow Wilson was elected president with a Democratic Congress in 1912 he implemented a series of Progressive policies in economics. "The SheppardTowner act: Progressivism in the 1920s. 1928 Election Candidates & Controversy | Who Won the Election of 1928? [55] The book influenced contemporaneous progressive thought, shaping the ideas of many intellectuals and political leaders, including then ex-President Theodore Roosevelt. United States - Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive movement The 16th amendment made an income tax legal (this required an amendment due to Article One, Section 9 of the Constitution, which required that direct taxes be laid on the States in proportion to their population as determined by the decennial census). The Democrats lowered tariffs with the Underwood Tariff in 1913, though its effects were overwhelmed by the changes in trade caused by the World War that broke out in 1914. The most radical and controversial amendment came during the anti-German craze of World War I that helped the Progressives and others push through their plan for prohibition through the 18th amendment (once the Progressives fell out of power the 21st amendment repealed the 18th in 1933). in. Immediately after the Civil War, Susan B. Anthony, a strong and outspoken advocate of women's rights, demanded that the Fourteenth Amendment include a guarantee of the vote for women as well as for African-American males. Although the Progressive Era was characterized by public support for World War I under Woodrow Wilson, there was also a substantial opposition to the war. A progressive amendment is a law passed at the federal level and is considered an amendment to the Constitution. Jack B. Rogers and Robert E. Blade, "The Great Ends of the Church: Two Perspectives". Most progressive reformers held a common belief in civic duty and self-sacrifice. Originally, income tax (the amount of money the government takes from your salary) was based on your state's population. Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906) was influential and persuaded America about the supposed horrors of the Chicago Union Stock Yards, a giant complex of meat processing plants that developed in the 1870s. There was significant political and social reform at both the state and national levels. [201] In addition, rural Protestants distrusted the urban Catholic and Jewish immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, and on those grounds opposed immigration. [213], In 1903, the American reformers in the Philippines passed two major land acts designed to turn landless peasants into owners of their farms. No videos. Which of the following was a progressive era reform - Weegy Buenker, John D., and Edward R. Kantowicz, eds. Wilson also presided over the passage of the Federal Reserve Act, which created a central banking system in the form of the Federal Reserve System. [211], While anti-imperialist sentiments had been prevalent in the United States during this time, the acquisition of the Philippines sparked the relatively minor population into action. It was radically egalitarian in favor of the disadvantaged classes. AP US History: Chapter 20 Flashcards | CourseNotes But that dynamic growth also generated profound economic and social ills that challenged the decentralized form of republican government that characterized the United States. [130] While the social hygiene movement achieved considerable success in promoting public health and morality, its approach of criminalizing prostitution and promoting abstinence failed to address the underlying causes of these issues, such as poverty, economic inequality, and gender inequality. [10] As part of this tradition of maternal activism, the Progressive-era General Federation supported a range of causes from the pure food and drug administration to public health care for mothers and children, to a ban on child labor, each of which looked to the state to help implement their vision of social justice.

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